Bacteria causing pyometra in bitch and queen induce neutrophil extracellular traps

Rebordão, Maria Rosa; Alexandre‐Pires, Graça; Carreira, Montserrat Lopez; Adriano, L.; Carneiro, C.; Nunes, Teresa; Mateus, L.; Ferreira‐Dias, Graça

doi:10.1016/j.vetimm.2017.09.001

Cited by 13 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The most commonly isolated organisms are E. coli and Clostridium sp 2 . In pyometra, the bacteria that have been most frequently isolated were E. coli and Streptococcus sp 7 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emphysematous hepatic abscess and pyometra, both caused by Burkholderia cepacia, in a bitch

Carrillo

Escobar

Porlan

et al. 2021

Vet Record Case Reports

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A thirteen‐year‐old female intact mixed dog was presented to the emergency service with a history of vomiting and apathy. The bitch was under treatment of prednisone for chronic cough. The patient was depressed and showed abdominal pain. Abdominal radiographs revealed an increased liver size, a rounded structure of gas opacity located within the liver and a soft tissue opacity mass in the caudal abdomen. The ultrasonographic findings of the abdomen were consistent with emphysematous hepatic abscess (HA), vacuolar hepatopathy, focal peritonitis and pyometra. Surgical drainage, lavage and omentalisation of the liver abscess were performed, followed by an ovariohysterectomy. Twelve hours after surgery, the patient died due to the suspected multiple organ failure. Culture of the abscess and uterine fluid revealed presence of Burkholderia cepacia. To the authors’ knowledge, this report represented the first description of HA presumably caused by the haematogeneous spread of Burkholderia cepacia from a uterine infection.

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“…The most commonly isolated organisms are E. coli and Clostridium sp 2 . In pyometra, the bacteria that have been most frequently isolated were E. coli and Streptococcus sp 7 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The bacteria typically cultured from HAs are Escherichia coli and Clostridium sp ., 2,4,6 which can both be gas producers. Pyometra is an infection of the uterus and one of the most common reproductive emergencies in veterinary 7 . E. coli and Streptococcus sp .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emphysematous hepatic abscess and pyometra, both caused by Burkholderia cepacia, in a bitch

Carrillo

Escobar

Porlan

et al. 2021

Vet Record Case Reports

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Similar to other mammalian neutrophils, cat neutrophils also responded to tachyzoites of T. gondii in a ROS-dependent fashion by releasing NETs [71]. Recently, NETs were also found in the endometrium of queens and bitches, suffering from E. coli-mediated pyometra [72]. The pathogens were found entrapped in the meshwork, which was positive for NET markers MPO, H2B, and NE [72].…”

Section: Extracellular Traps In Carnivores Such As Felidae Canidae mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Recently, NETs were also found in the endometrium of queens and bitches, suffering from E. coli-mediated pyometra [72]. The pathogens were found entrapped in the meshwork, which was positive for NET markers MPO, H2B, and NE [72]. E. coli derived LPS induced PAD4-mediated NET formation in canine neutrophils, leading to intracellular citrullination of histone H3 [76], while PMA triggered the release of larger NET areas, with both of these structures stained for DNA, citH3, and MPO [76].…”

Section: Extracellular Traps In Carnivores Such As Felidae Canidae mentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Traps: An Ancient Weapon of Multiple Kingdoms

Neumann

Brogden²,

Köckritz-Blickwede

2020

Biology

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The discovery, in 2004, of extracellular traps released by neutrophils has extended our understanding of the mode of action of various innate immune cells. This fascinating discovery demonstrated the extracellular trapping and killing of various pathogens by neutrophils. During the last decade, evidence has accumulated showing that extracellular traps play a crucial role in the defence mechanisms of various cell types present in vertebrates, invertebrates, and plants. The aim of this review is to summarise the relevant literature on the evolutionary history of extracellular traps used as a weapon in various kingdoms of life. Biology 2020, 9, 34 2 of 23On the basis of findings from several studies mostly performed with human and murine neutrophils, the following three different pathways that lead to the formation of ETs by innate immune cells have been identified: (1) Release of nuclear DNA by ETosis, a suicidal cell death associated with the rupture of the nuclear membrane prior to cell lysis [14,15]; (2) vesicular release of nuclear DNA by viable cells [16,17]; and (3) release of mitochondrial DNA [18,19]. However, the exact molecular mechanisms leading to one or the other phenotype of ET formation has still not been entirely clarified. A group of renowned scientists and experts on NETs has recently published an opinionated review on the subject due to the abundance of available data that has also led to some confusion in the NET/ET research community because of contradictory results and divergent scientific concepts, for example, the molecular pathways of ET formation or the origin of the DNA that forms the ET scaffold [20]. There is a strong consensus about the composition of ETs among the findings that NETs contain a high amount of granule proteins, for example, cell-type-specific proteases and other antibacterial molecules that are associated with DNA-histone complexes. However, it is still unclear how different triggers or pathways have led to phenotypical differences about the source of DNA or viability of the ET-releasing cell.Comparison of ET phenotypical differences between host species in relation to evolutionary aspects, especially by comparing data from phylogenetic groups, would help to understand the pathways of ET formation in more detail.

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“…In dogs suffering from a sepsis, NET formation was detected in different samples such as bronchoalveolar lavage and abdominal and pleural effusion [ 30 ]. Furthermore, NETs were detected in the endometrium of dogs with pyometra caused by Escherichia coli or Streptococcus species [ 31 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methylprednisolone Induces Extracellular Trap Formation and Enhances Bactericidal Effect of Canine Neutrophils

Steffensen

Imker

Lassnig

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Methylprednisolone is a glucocorticoid and can negatively influence immune defense mechanisms. During bacterial infections in the dog, neutrophils infiltrate infected tissue and mediate antimicrobial effects with different mechanisms such as phagocytosis and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. Here, we investigated the influence of methylprednisolone on canine NET formation and neutrophil killing efficiency of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Therefore, canine blood derived neutrophils were treated with different concentrations of methylprednisolone over time. The survival factor of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Streptococcus canis or Escherichia coli was determined in presence of stimulated neutrophils. Additionally, free DNA and nucleosomes as NET marker were analyzed in supernatants and neutrophils were assessed for NET formation by immunofluorescence microscopy. Methylprednisolone concentrations of 62.5 and 625 µg/mL enhanced the neutrophil killing of Gram positive bacteria, whereas no significant influence was detected for the Gram negative Escherichia coli. Interestingly, higher amounts of free DNA were detected under methylprednisolone stimulation in a concentration dependency and in the presence of Streptococcus canis and Escherichia coli. The nucleosome release by neutrophils is induced by bacterial infection and differs depending on the concentration of methylprednisolone. Furthermore, immunofluorescence microscopy analysis identified methylprednisolone at a concentration of 62.5 µg/mL as a NET inducer. In summary, methylprednisolone enhances NET-formation and time-dependent and concentration-dependent the bactericidal effect of canine neutrophils on Gram positive bacteria.

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Bacteria causing pyometra in bitch and queen induce neutrophil extracellular traps

Cited by 13 publications

References 40 publications

Emphysematous hepatic abscess and pyometra, both caused by Burkholderia cepacia, in a bitch

Emphysematous hepatic abscess and pyometra, both caused by Burkholderia cepacia, in a bitch

Extracellular Traps: An Ancient Weapon of Multiple Kingdoms

Methylprednisolone Induces Extracellular Trap Formation and Enhances Bactericidal Effect of Canine Neutrophils

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