Bacteria of the Clostridium Genus, Methane and Hydrogen Sulfide in Sulfide Mud of the Taman Peninsula Reservoirs

Abstract

The features of the distribution of the concentrations of hydrogen sulfide, methane and the number of sulfite-reducing clostridia in the mud of the Bugazsky, Kiziltashsky and Vityazevsky limans and Chembursky lake were studied, and their physiological and chemical conditions and levels of anthropogenic loading were assessed. The tendency of reduction of the content of the studied reduced gases from the surface to the lower layers of mud was established, with relatively low concentrations of methane in the limans and abnormally high concentrations in the Chembursky lake, subject to strong anthropogenic influence. It is shown that high concentrations of methane and hydrogen sulphide in mud of water bodies that are planned for use for human treatment, indicate good therapeutic properties of peloids. At the same time, for those same reservoirs (limans) that are simultaneously used for extraction and reproduction of hydrobionts, the presence of high concentrations of reduced gases in the upper layers of bottom sediments and near-bottom water layers, as a rule, will promote the development of pestilence phenomena, which will adversely affect the development of the fishing industry. For reservoirs for both fishery and medical purposes, the high content of reduced gases and the abundance of pathogenic microflora may indicate contamination. The established rectilinear relationships between the number of sulfite-reducing clostridia and the concentrations of methane and hydrogen sulfide indicate the participation of sulfite-reducing clostridia in the processes of methane and hydrogen sulfide formation in the mud of the reservoirs of the Taman Peninsula. Sanitary-microbiological assessment of mud of the studied reservoirs shows that the muds studied cannot be recommended for using with medicinal purposes.

Coastal Peloids as Geological Heritage: Evidence from the Taman Peninsula (Southwestern Russia)

“…Scientific importance of the coastal peloidgeoheritage of the Taman Peninsula is undisputable. Despite some preliminary research [14,15] (and this study), the geological knowledge of their properties and origin are still limited. For instance, much attention should be paid to the clay component of the bottom sediment.…”

“…All samples were transported and analyzed in a laboratory in the standard way at the Hydrochemical Institute (Rostov-on-Don) in order to document four principal geochemical proxies of peloids, namely Eh, pH, methane content in wet mass (natural state), and total hydrogen sulfide content in wet mass (natural state). The analytical procedure is the same as in the works of Fedorov and Ruban [12] and Fedorov et al [14,16]. Particularly, theEkotest 2000 ionometer was used for Eh and pH measurements, and the total hydrogen sulfide content was established bya photometric approach with dimethylparaphenylendiamine.…”

“…However, coastal peloids have been studied rarely, e.g., a few examples have been reported from the Azov Sea [10] and the Adriatic Sea [11]. In the Russian South (a vast territory between the Don River in the north, the Azov Sea in the west, the Caspian Sea in the east, and the Caucasus Mountains in the south), peloids have been described from various geological settings, chiefly continental [7,12,13], but the knowledge of their coastal typeremains restricted [14,15]. The geoheritage importance of this peloidtype has been never analyzed.…”

Geoheritage Resource of Small Mud Lakes in the Semi-Arid Environments of the Russian South

“…Bottom sediments were sampled for the subsequent laboratory analysis of two most important geochemical proxies, namely total sulfide content and methane content in wet mass (natural state). The analytical procedure follows the work of Fedorov et al [14]. The interval of sampling is 5 cm.…”

Clostridia in Commercial Fish of the Azov and Black Seas and in Aquaculture Facilities in the Southern Region of Russia

“…Today, bacteria of the Clostridium genus are a large and widespread group among anaerobes. They are found in various climatic zones, in a wide variety of soils, in water and bottom sediments of lakes, rivers, seas and oceans (La Sala et al, 2015;Abia et al, 2015;Trubnik et al, 2017;Fedorov et al, 2018). The formation of spores provides them with the possibility of long-term conservation in the habitat until the onset of favorable conditions for vegetation (Bukharin and Litvin, 1997;El-Shorbagy et al, 2012).…”