Bacteria removal efficiency data and properties of Nigerian clay used as a household ceramic water filter

Ajibade, Fidelis Odedishemi; Akosile, S.I.; Oluwatuyi, Opeyemi E.; Ajibade, Temitope Fausat; Lasisi, Kayode Hassan; Adewumi, James R.; Babatola, J. O.; Oguntuase, Abiose M.

doi:10.1016/j.rineng.2019.100011

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Alterations to the ratio of clay to sawdust or the grain size of the clay or sawdust could change the porosity and C 2 , which can have an effect on tortuosity (Derivation 2, line 8, Supporting Information). ,, Manufacturers could also change the thickness of the filter by changing the pressing procedure or adding more raw material to each filter. Changes in any of these manufacturing parameters would affect the tortuosity of the filters, which would influence the NPD and LRV.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 54%

Assessing Flow Rate and Nominal Pore Diameter as Parameters for Predicting the Removal of Microorganisms by Ceramic Water Filters

2021

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Ceramic water filters (CWFs) are manufactured worldwide using local materials and infrastructure. In this study, we assessed flow rate (FR) and nominal pore diameter (NPD) values as parameters to predict the microbial removal of CWFs. Two empirical models (flow rate model, FRM, and nominal pore diameter model, NPDM) were developed based on the log removal values (LRVs) for total coliform obtained from the operation of CWFs manufactured under controlled conditions in the United States. The proposed empirical models were validated using CWFs manufactured in Nepal and India. The models and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to identify materials and processes in CWF manufacturing with the highest impact on LRV. Our results showed that both the FRM and NPDM have a good predictive capability with high coefficients of determination, R2, and statistical significance (p) values less than 0.05. PCA showed that the burnout material was the most important variable in the manufacturing process. Even though both models are appropriate to predict LRV from a CWF, the FRM and NPDM could have slightly different applications at CWF factories. The FRM could be used to predict LRVs of CWFs manufactured in an already operational factory as it fits with existing quality control procedures, such as measurement of flow rate. We propose that the NPDM could be applied in the research and performance enhancement of CWFs as additional filter characteristics can be tested for the potential to improve LRV. The use of either model could help factories improve the removal of bacteria by their CWFs.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 54%

Assessing Flow Rate and Nominal Pore Diameter as Parameters for Predicting the Removal of Microorganisms by Ceramic Water Filters

2021

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“…In recent studies, different filter media have been used in the removal pollutants from wastewater. For instance, Shafiquzzaman et al [4] employed low-cost ceramic filter for urban stormwater treatment, whereas Ajibade et al [5] and Akosile et al [6] utilized ceramic filter to enhance the microbial quality of household drinking water. Also, Liu et al [7] used oyster shell for biological aerated filter medium for municipal wastewater.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The utilization of bentonite enhanced termite mound soil mixture as filter for the treatment of paint industrial effluent

et al. 2021

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This research investigates the applicability of bentonite enhanced termite mound soil mixture as an alternative filter medium for paint industrial wastewater (PIWW) management in a constructed pilot-scale filtration tank with four different sections. The mixture of bentonite (BC) and termite mound soil (MS) used as the filter was proportioned by percentage weight as (100% MS), $${\text{(5\% BC}} + {\text{95\% MS),}}$$ (5\% BC + 95\% MS), $${\text{(10\% BC}} + {\text{90\% MS),}}$$ (10\% BC + 90\% MS), $${\text{(15\% BC}} + {\text{85\% MS)}}$$ (15\% BC + 85\% MS) and placed into four sections, respectively. The filter materials were compacted, cured and subjected to wastewater loading for 30 weeks. The results obtained from the analysis of the filtrate samples revealed that filter with 15% BC content generally exhibited high and effective pollutant removal efficiencies of 51.3%, 98.9%, and 72.7% for total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, and copper, respectively, while a maximum removal efficiency of 100% was recorded for lead, chromium and cadmium. The pollutants (TDS, TSS, Pb, Cr, Cu and Cd) concentrations of the treated PIWW were below the National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency permissible limits for discharge. Hence, the 15% bentonite and 85% termite mound soil mixtures are recommended for the small-scale paint industries as a point of use measure for effective pollutant removal. Its application would mitigate the degradation of environmental resources caused by indiscriminate disposal of untreated effluent.

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“…Smectite clays promote silver sorption, which increases the long-term performance of the CWF [8]. The mineralogy of the ceramic also affects the strength and plasticity of the CWF [8,42,45,49]. Characterizing the CM utilized by CWF manufacturers could be used to select mines that are rich in minerals that will improve the performance of the CWF.…”

Section: Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Ceramic Water Filter Clay Selection Criteria

Shepard

Zhang

Anaya

et al. 2020

Water

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Ceramic water filters (CWFs) are point-of-use drinking water treatment systems that are manufactured and used in under-served communities around the world. The clayey material (CM) used to manufacture CWFs is a locally sourced mixture of clay, sand, slit and amorphous material (usually dug near the CWF factory). CM varies in composition and purity depending on the geographical location and geological setting. In this study, a set of 13 CM samples collected from around the world were analyzed using grain size analysis, as well as liquid and plastic limit tests. Mineralogical composition was determined using X-ray diffraction. A selection of three CM samples (Guatemala, Canada, and Guinea Bissau) with a range of compositions were used to study biofilm growth on CM before and after firing. Biofilm coverage was studied on CM (before firing) and CWF material (after firing) using Pseudomonas fluorescens Migula. The average biofilm coverages for Guatemala, Canada, and Guinea Bissau CM were 20.03 ± 2.80%, 19.28 ± 0.91%, and 9.88 ± 4.02%, respectively. The average biofilm formation coverages for Guatemala, Canada, and Guinea Bissau CWF were 13.08 ± 1.74%, 10.36 ± 3.41%, and 8.66 ± 0.13%, respectively. The results presented here suggest that CM can be manipulated to manufacture better performing CWFs by engineering the soil characteristics, such as grain size, liquid and plastic limits, and mineralogy. This could improve the durability and biofilm resistance of CWFs.

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Bacteria removal efficiency data and properties of Nigerian clay used as a household ceramic water filter

Cited by 19 publications

References 1 publication

Assessing Flow Rate and Nominal Pore Diameter as Parameters for Predicting the Removal of Microorganisms by Ceramic Water Filters

Assessing Flow Rate and Nominal Pore Diameter as Parameters for Predicting the Removal of Microorganisms by Ceramic Water Filters

The utilization of bentonite enhanced termite mound soil mixture as filter for the treatment of paint industrial effluent

Development of Ceramic Water Filter Clay Selection Criteria

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