Bacterial adhesion to composite resins produced by additive and subtractive manufacturing

Ozer, Nazire Esra; Sahin, Zeynep; Yikici, Cansu; Duyan, Serhat; Kilicarslan, Mehmet Ali

doi:10.1007/s10266-023-00862-5

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Surface roughness is an important attribute of dental restoration materials that can impact the colonization of microorganisms and plaque adhesion. Highly rough resin surfaces lead to the potential risk of gingival inflammation, secondary caries, and prosthesis discoloration 33 . Under this situation, water-washed resin seems to have a better possibility to resist microbial adhesion, resulting in a superior general clinical restoration effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of washing agents on the mechanical and biocompatibility properties of water-washable 3D printing crown and bridge resin

Liu,

Jin,

Lim

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Three-dimensional (3D) printing, otherwise known as additive manufacturing in a non-technical context, is becoming increasingly popular in the field of dentistry. As an essential step in the 3D printing process, postwashing with organic solvents can damage the printed resin polymer and possibly pose a risk to human health. The development of water-washable dental resins means that water can be used as a washing agent. However, the effects of washing agents and washing times on the mechanical and biocompatibility properties of water-washable resins remain unclear. This study investigated the impact of different washing agents (water, detergent, and alcohol) and washing time points (5, 10, 20, and 30 min) on the flexural strength, Vickers hardness, surface characterization, degree of conversion, biocompatibility, and monomer elution of 3D printed samples. Using water for long-term washing better preserved the mechanical properties, caused a smooth surface, and improved the degree of conversion, with 20 min of washing with water achieving the same biological performance as organic solvents. Water is an applicable agent option for washing the 3D printing water-washable temporary crown and bridge resin in the postwashing process. This advancement facilitates the development of other water-washable intraoral resins and the optimization of clinical standard washing guidelines.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of washing agents on the mechanical and biocompatibility properties of water-washable 3D printing crown and bridge resin

Liu,

Jin,

Lim

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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“…In the research protocol of Ionescu et al in 2020, where surface roughness values (Sa) were less than 0.2 µm, no strong correlation between Sa and bacterial adhesion was present [73]. Interestingly, in some research protocols with Sa values greater than the 0.2 µm threshold, no correlation between the two investigated factors has been observed [76,79], and in other research where the Sa values were lower than the established threshold, a strong correlation between surface roughness and biofilm adhesion has been demonstrated [74,78]. This fact highlights the potential influence of additional factors, such as polishing procedures, chemical composition and topography, on the outcomes of bacterial adhesion.…”

Section: Limitations Of the Current Researchmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…More precisely, after a thorough investigation of the recent literature concerning biofilm formation on resin-based CAD/CAM blocks for permanent indirect restorations, a total of eleven research articles were found [69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79]. These studies investigated one or more hybrid, resin-based CAD/ CAM materials with regard to biofilm attachment and growth.…”

Section: Research On Biofilm Formation On Resin-based Hybrid Cad/cam ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, other studies focused on ceramic CAD/CAM materials and hybrid resin-based CAD/CAM materials [69,71]. Lastly, a newly conducted in vitro study compared CAD/CAM-manufactured resin-based materials for indirect restorations with 3D-printed resin-based materials [79]. Other researchers investigated the potential correlation between the surface modification procedures on CAD/CAM resin-based materials and increased or decreased biofilm formation.…”

Section: Research On Biofilm Formation On Resin-based Hybrid Cad/cam ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the one hand, when evaluating resin-based CAD/CAM materials, a group of researchers demonstrate a definite association between biofilm formation and surface roughness or surface modification procedures [69][70][71]74,75,77,78], whereas, on the other hand, no correlation between these factors is found in research studies conducted by other groups of investigators [73,76,79]. These discrepancies are also present in previously conducted in vitro studies assessing surface roughness, different polishing techniques and their impact on biofilm formation for laboratory-fabricated indirect and direct resin-based restorative materials [27,[87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96].…”

Section: Limitations Of the Current Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biofilm Formation on Hybrid, Resin-Based CAD/CAM Materials for Indirect Restorations: A Comprehensive Review

Tzimas,

Rahiotis,

Pappa

2024

Materials

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Hybrid materials are a recent addition in the field of restorative dentistry for computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) indirect restorations. The long-term clinical success of modern dental restorative materials is influenced by multiple factors. Among the characteristics affecting the longevity of a restoration, the mechanical properties and physicοchemical interactions are of utmost importance. While numerous researchers constantly evaluate mechanical properties, the biological background of resin-based CAD/CAM biomaterials is scarcely investigated and, therefore, less described in the literature. This review aims to analyze biofilm formation on the surfaces of novel, hybrid, resin-based CAD/CAM materials and evaluate the methodological protocols followed to assess microbial growth. It is demonstrated that the surface structure, the composition and the finishing and polishing procedures on the surface of a dental restorative material influence initial bacterial adhesion; however, most studies focus on in vitro protocols, and in vivo and/or in situ research of microbiomics in CAD/CAM restorative materials is lacking, obstructing an accurate understanding of the bioadhesion phenomenon in the oral cavity.

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Biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Lactobacillus casei, and Candida Albicans on 5 thermoform and 3D printed orthodontic clear aligner and retainer materials at 3 time points: an in vitro study

Moradinezhad,

Abbasi Montazeri,

Hashemi Ashtiani

et al. 2024

BMC Oral Health

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Introduction Orthodontic clear aligners and retainers have numerous advantages that is making them ever increasingly popular. However, they might, similar to any other oral appliance, contribute to biofilm formation and finally dental caries or white spot lesions or gingival inflammations. The literature on biofilm formation on orthodontic clear appliances is very scarce and limited to a few microorganisms and materials. Therefore, this experimental study evaluated the biofilm formation on 5 thermoformed and 3D printed CAD/CAM orthodontic retainers in 3 intervals. Methods In this in vitro study, 345 specimens (270 test discs and 45 negative controls) were created from fabricated retainers. Retainers included a 3D printed CAD/CAM material (Detax) and four thermoformed retainers [Erkodent (polyethylene terephthalate glycol [PETG]); EasyVac (polyethylene); DB (polyester based on terephthalic acid); and Clear Tech]. They were all 1 mm thick, and all completely fabricated, i.e., heated or printed. The discs were placed in 96-well plates. Microorganisms were cultured on 270 discs for 24 h (90 discs), 72 h (90 other discs), and 5 days or 120 h (90 other discs). Biofilm formation of the strains and negative controls was measured using the microtiter plate assay by ELISA reading. The microbes’ ability to produce biofilm was categorized based on the comparison of average optical density (OD) of tests versus a cut-off point OD (ODc) calculated as the average of the OD of corresponding negative controls plus 3× its standard deviation: non-biofilm former [OD ≤ ODc], weak biofilm former [ODc < OD ≤ (2 × ODc)], moderate biofilm former [(2 × ODc) < OD ≤ (4 × ODc)], and strong biofilm former [(4 × ODc) < OD]. These were also converted to ranked scores between zero (no biofilm) and 3. The difference between ODs with control ODs were calculated. These were analyzed using 3-way ANOVA, 2-way ANOVA, and Tukey tests (α = 0.05, α = 0.008). Results The 3-way ANOVA showed that the overall difference among the ΔODs of 5 retainers (all microorganisms and all intervals combined, n = 270) was not significant (F = 1.860, P = 0.119). Nevertheless, the difference among 3 intervals (F = 31.607, P = 0.0000) and the difference among the 6 microorganisms (F = 24.044, P = 0.0000) were significant. According to the Tukey test, the differences between the 1st interval with either of the other two intervals was significant (both P values = 0.000). There were significant differences between Candida albicans with all other organisms (all 5 P values = 0.0000). All other pairwise comparisons were insignificant (all 10 P values ≥ 0.1). After taking the averages of the 3 intervals, the order of the biofilm generation for different materials were as follows: Detax (average...

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Bacterial adhesion to composite resins produced by additive and subtractive manufacturing

Cited by 5 publications

References 65 publications

Effects of washing agents on the mechanical and biocompatibility properties of water-washable 3D printing crown and bridge resin

Effects of washing agents on the mechanical and biocompatibility properties of water-washable 3D printing crown and bridge resin

Biofilm Formation on Hybrid, Resin-Based CAD/CAM Materials for Indirect Restorations: A Comprehensive Review

Biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Lactobacillus casei, and Candida Albicans on 5 thermoform and 3D printed orthodontic clear aligner and retainer materials at 3 time points: an in vitro study

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