Bacterial aetiological agents of intra-amniotic infections and preterm birth in pregnant women

Mendz, George L.; Kaakoush, Nadeem O.; Quinlivan, Julie A.

doi:10.3389/fcimb.2013.00058

Cited by 140 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Biologically, it would be plausible that low gestational maternal 25OHD levels are involved in triggering shortening of gestation. It is known that low gestational 25OHD concentrations are associated with bacterial vaginosis [16] and infection is one risk factor of preterm labour [40]. Vitamin D is also involved in gene regulation important for trophoblast invasion and angiogenesis [41], other important factors involved in preterm labour [42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Vitamin D Deficiency and Fetal Programming - Lessons Learned from Humans and Mice

Reichetzeder

Chen

Föller

et al. 2014

Kidney Blood Press Res

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Background/Aims: Cardiovascular disease partially originates from poor environmental and nutritional conditions in early life. Lack of micronutrients like 25 hydroxy vitamin D3 (25OHD) during pregnancy may be an important treatable causal factor. The present study explored the effect of maternal 25OHD deficiency on the offspring. Methods: We performed a prospective observational study analyzing the association of maternal 25OHD deficiency during pregnancy with birth outcomes considering confounding. To show that vitamin D deficiency may be causally involved in the observed associations, mice were set on either 25OHD sufficient or insufficient diets before and during pregnancy. Growth, glucose tolerance and mortality was analyzed in the F1 generation. Results: The clinical study showed that severe 25OHD deficiency was associated with low birth weight and low gestational age. ANCOVA models indicated that established confounding factors such as offspring sex, smoking during pregnancy and maternal BMI did not influence the impact of 25OHD on birth weight. However, there was a significant interaction between 25OHD and gestational age. Maternal 25OHD deficiency was also independently associated with low APGAR scores 5 minutes postpartum. The offspring of 25OHD deficient mice grew slower after birth, had an impaired glucose tolerance shortly after birth and an increased mortality during follow-up. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates an association between maternal 25OHD and offspring birth weight. The effect of 25OHD on birth weight seems to be mediated by vitamin D controlling gestational age. Results from an animal experiment suggest that gestational 25OHD insufficiency is causally linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Since birth weight and prematurity are associated with an adverse cardiovascular outcome in later life, this study emphasizes the need for novel monitoring and treatment guidelines of vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Vitamin D Deficiency and Fetal Programming - Lessons Learned from Humans and Mice

Reichetzeder

Chen

Föller

et al. 2014

Kidney Blood Press Res

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“…A better understanding of the causes of PTB is needed to improve access to effective obstetric and neonatal care. Intra-amniotic infection is a complication of pregnancy for which a firm causal link with prematurity has been established (although other factors can cause PTB) 1. Many intrauterine infections follow the ascending route from the vagina2; thus, identification of the bacterial communities present in this organ during pregnancy will help to achieve a comprehensive picture of its microbiome that can be exploited to promote health and prevent/combat disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential involvement ofCampylobacter curvusandHaemophilus parainfluenzaein preterm birth

Mendz¹,

Petersen

Quinlivan³

et al. 2014

BMJ Case Reports

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SUMMARYA woman presented with prelabour premature preterm rupture of membranes and delivered extremely preterm at 26 weeks by caesarean section. Histopathology of the placenta indicated moderately severe histological chorioamnionitis with dense infiltration of the chorionic plate by neutrophils. Two sets of low and high vaginal swabs were taken from the mother. A set sent for microbiological analysis at the hospital yielded negative results. The second set was analysed employing cultureindependent high-throughput sequencing methods and revealed significant infections with Campylobacter curvus and Haemophilus parainfluenzae. This is the first report of C. curvus infection in the female genital tract that has been identified in a woman who delivered preterm. The case supports the need to review the standard culture methods employed for microbial analyses in hospitals. BACKGROUND

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“…It is currently postulated that intra-amniotic infection is a major environmental factor leading to preterm delivery [5,46,58] . In this context, TLRs expressed at the maternal-fetal interface recognize PAMPs from invading microorganisms and the activation of these receptors triggers an inflammatory cascade, resulting in the pro- duction and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines by the maternal-fetal tissues [59][60][61] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toll-Like Receptor-2 and -4 Expression by Maternal Neutrophils in Preterm Labor

Moço¹,

Batista²,

Martín³

et al. 2017

Gynecol Obstet Invest

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Background and Aims: The inflammatory response in preterm parturition is regulated by the innate immune system. Toll-like receptors (TLR)-2 and TLR-4 are innate immune receptors that recognize the microorganisms most frequently involved in amniotic cavity infections, which are associated with activating the inflammatory response at the maternal-fetal interface during preterm labor. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of TLR-2 and TLR-4 in maternal neutrophils in preterm labor. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Obstetrics Care Unit of Botucatu Medical School, UNESP, Brazil. The preterm group was composed of 20 pregnant women who presented preterm labor and preterm delivery. The control group was composed of 20 nonlaboring pregnant women matched to the preterm group by gestational age. Neutrophils were isolated from peripheral blood and TLR expressions were performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry. Results: Gene expressions of TLR-2 and TLR-4 in neutrophils from the preterm group were statistically higher than expressions in neutrophils from the matched control group. The percentage of TLR-4⁺ neutrophils was higher in the preterm group than the matched control group, while the percentage of TLR-2⁺ neutrophils did not differ between groups. Conclusion: TLR-4 expression in maternal neutrophils is associated with spontaneous preterm labor.

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Bacterial aetiological agents of intra-amniotic infections and preterm birth in pregnant women

Cited by 140 publications

References 59 publications

Maternal Vitamin D Deficiency and Fetal Programming - Lessons Learned from Humans and Mice

Maternal Vitamin D Deficiency and Fetal Programming - Lessons Learned from Humans and Mice

Potential involvement ofCampylobacter curvusandHaemophilus parainfluenzaein preterm birth

Toll-Like Receptor-2 and -4 Expression by Maternal Neutrophils in Preterm Labor

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