Bacterial and Fungal Biofilm Infections

Lynch, A. Simon; Robertson, Gregory T.

doi:10.1146/annurev.med.59.110106.132000

Cited by 392 publications

(301 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…One should note, however, that technically shared antibiotic resistance meets the 'non-excludability' condition, but probably not the 'nonrivalness' condition for a pure public good. We have demonstrated that E. coli that produces b-lactamase available to other bacteria allow sensitive cohorts of E. coli to survive in environments of otherwise lethal concentrations of antibiotics; similar findings of benefit have been observed with antibiotics or potentially toxic substances in biofilms (Karthikeyan et al 2001;Donlan & Costerton 2002;Lynch & Robertson 2008) and in planktonic cultures (Lenski & Hattingh 1986;Rosensweig et al 1994;Treves et al 1998;Travisano 2001).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Protection of Salmonella by ampicillin-resistant Escherichia coli in the presence of otherwise lethal drug concentrations

et al. 2009

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Microbial systems have become the preferred testing grounds for experimental work on the evolution of traits that benefit other group members. This work, based on conceptual and theoretical models of frequency-dependent selection within populations, has proven fruitful in terms of understanding the dynamics of group beneficial or ‘public goods’ traits within species . Here, we expand the scope of microbial work on the evolution of group-beneficial traits to the case of multi-species communities , particularly those that affect human health. We examined whether β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli could protect ampicillin-sensitive cohorts of other species, particularly species that could cause human disease. Both β-lactamase-secreting E. coli and, surprisingly, those engineered to retain it, allowed for survival of a large number of ampicillin-sensitive cohorts of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, including both laboratory and clinical isolates. The Salmonella survivors, however, remained sensitive to ampicillin when re-plated onto solid medium and there was no evidence of gene transfer. Salmonella survival did not even require direct physical contact with the resistant E. coli . The observed phenomenon appears to involve increased release of β-lactamase from the E. coli when present with S. enterica . Significantly, these findings imply that resistant E. coli , that are not themselves pathogenic, may be exploited, even when they are normally selfish with respect to other E. coli . Thus, Salmonella can gain protection against antibiotics from E. coli without gene transfer, a phenomenon not previously known. As a consequence, antibiotic-resistant E. coli can play a decisive role in the survival of a species that causes disease and may thereby interfere with successful treatment.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Protection of Salmonella by ampicillin-resistant Escherichia coli in the presence of otherwise lethal drug concentrations

et al. 2009

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“…Within these populations, species communicate, cooperate and compete (Davey and O'toole, 2000;Tyson et al, 2004;Hansen et al, 2007;Harrison et al, 2008;Garbeva et al, 2011). Some of these microbial interactions are beneficial, and some are detrimental from a human standpoint (Hughes and Kim, 1973;Lynch and Robertson, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interspecies competition triggers virulence and mutability in Candida albicans–Pseudomonas aeruginosa mixed biofilms

et al. 2014

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Inter-kingdom and interspecies interactions are ubiquitous in nature and are important for the survival of species and ecological balance. The investigation of microbe-microbe interactions is essential for understanding the in vivo activities of commensal and pathogenic microorganisms. Candida albicans, a polymorphic fungus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a Gram-negative bacterium, are two opportunistic pathogens that interact in various polymicrobial infections in humans. To determine how P. aeruginosa affects the physiology of C. albicans and vice versa, we compared the proteomes of each species in mixed biofilms versus single-species biofilms. In addition, extracellular proteins were analyzed. We observed that, in mixed biofilms, both species showed differential expression of virulence proteins, multidrug resistance-associated proteins, proteases and cell defense, stress and iron-regulated proteins. Furthermore, in mixed biofilms, both species displayed an increase in mutability compared with monospecific biofilms. This characteristic was correlated with the downregulation of enzymes conferring protection against DNA oxidation. In mixed biofilms, P. aeruginosa regulates its production of various molecules involved in quorum sensing and induces the production of virulence factors (pyoverdine, rhamnolipids and pyocyanin), which are major contributors to the ability of this bacterium to cause disease. Overall, our results indicate that interspecies competition between these opportunistic pathogens enhances the production of virulence factors and increases mutability and thus can alter the course of hostpathogen interactions in polymicrobial infections.

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“…15 Sharma et al 16 studied the effects of PDT on biofilm formation in MRSA and S. epidermidis and observed that toluidine blue, combined with a diode laser, showed low antibacterial activity. In addition, S. aureus was more resistant to PDT than S. epidermidis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of photodynamic therapy on clinical isolates of Staphylococcus spp

et al. 2011

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Staphylococcus spp. are opportunistic microorganisms known for their capacity to develop resistance against antimicrobial agents. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on 20 Staphylococcus strains isolated from the human oral cavity, including S. aureus, S. schleiferi, S. epidermidis, S. capitis, S. haemolyticus, and S. lentus. A suspension of each Staphylococcus strain (10 6 cells/ mL) was submitted to PDT using methylene blue and a low power laser. The isolated effects of methylene blue, laser treatment and ciprofloxacin were also evaluated. After the experimental treatments, 0.1 mL aliquots of the suspensions were seeded onto BHI agar for determination of the number of colony-forming units (CFU/mL). The results were analyzed by analysis of variance and Tukey's test (p ≤ 0.05). The mean reduction in bacterial counts of the strains submitted to PDT ranged from 4.89 to 6.83 CFU (log 10 )/mL, with the observation of a decreasing susceptibility to treatment of S. schleiferi, S. haemolyticus, S. epidermidis, S. capitis, S. aureus, and S. lentus. The results showed that PDT was effective in reducing the number of viable cells of all clinical Staphylococcus isolates studied.

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Bacterial and Fungal Biofilm Infections

Cited by 392 publications

References 78 publications

Protection of Salmonella by ampicillin-resistant Escherichia coli in the presence of otherwise lethal drug concentrations

Protection of Salmonella by ampicillin-resistant Escherichia coli in the presence of otherwise lethal drug concentrations

Interspecies competition triggers virulence and mutability in Candida albicans–Pseudomonas aeruginosa mixed biofilms

Effect of photodynamic therapy on clinical isolates of Staphylococcus spp

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