Bacterial and Fungal Contamination of Air conditioners filters and Carpets

Almoffarreh, Haitam Khalaf; Alsaleh, Faris Mohammed; Alruwaili, Mansur Sultan

doi:10.22161/ijeab/1.3.14

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 22 publications

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“…Thus, important factors that can modify bioaerosol concentrations inside a bus, as for the chemical pollutants, is the ventilation type and air-conditioning (AC) system (Sowiak et al 2018). Thus, previous studies inside households, university rooms, cars and other indoor spaces, have probed that the use of AC systems when not well designed or maintained can become an additional source of fungal aerosols introduced into indoor air (Hamada and Fujita 2002;Almoffarreh et al 2016). It was shown that during the first 10 min of AC powered on fungal concentrations were highest (Hamada and Fujita 2002;Jo and Lee 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioaerosols in public and tourist buses

et al. 2021

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Public bus system worldwide transports daily more than 34 million people; therefore, air quality inside buses is an important urban air pollution issue. Airborne microbiological composition and abundance was examined inside five different fuel type buses (diesel (EURO IV and EURO V), hybrid diesel (HD), compressed natural gas (CNG), hybrid natural gas (HCNG) and electric vehicle (EV)) from Barcelona bus system, inside and outside the tourist bus and different periods of campaigns (summer: May-September and winter: November-March). Quantitative PCR was used to quantify total bacteria, Penicillium/Aspergillus and Cladosporium sp. and Kinetic Chromogenic Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) Assay for endotoxins. The targeted 16S rRNA genes, were amplified and sequenced to asses bacterial community composition and biodiversity. Regarding the targeted microorganisms the results showed low bioaerosol concentrations, being fungi and endotoxins below the detection limit, although bacterial airborne has a geometric average of 10 3 equivalent E. Coli genomes/m 3 . Airborne bacterial community biodiversity showed that Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria were the most abundant Phylum in the different sampled buses and in the two seasons (summer: May-September and winter: November-March). While regarding to genera taxonomic category, the different fuel type buses presented a high overlap degree, being Cutibacterium the most abundant and Paracoccus the one only detected inside. The different seasons showed that the different taxonomic genera decreas from summer: May-September to winter: November-March and in this case Paracoccus was the most abundant. Overall, biodiversity inside buses is greatly affected by the presence of humans inside, but also by the outdoor sources at the moment of the sampling, and the seasonal period, more than the type of bus.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioaerosols in public and tourist buses

et al. 2021

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Assessment of mold infestation of conditioning devices and indoor air

Халдеева

Glushko

Лисовская

2021

Hygiene and Sanitation

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Introduction. Indoor air quality is an essential component of a healthy human environment. Air conditioning units can affect indoor air quality, including mycogenic contamination of the air if the condition is not adequately monitored. Material and method. The paper presents the results of a mycological study of air samples and flushes from the surface of filters and gratings of air conditioning devices taken from 40 residential and office premises. Results. The presence of micromycetes fungi was noted in 100% of the samples taken from the surface of filters and air conditioning grids and 81.6% of air samples. A greater species diversity of fungi (26 species) was revealed in air samples compared to air conditioning devices (15 species). A higher frequency of occurrence of dark-coloured species of fungi, incl. Aspergillus spp. and Alternaria spp., and fungal species belonging to the third group of pathogenicity, were noticed on the surface of air conditioners, compared with air samples, in which Penicillium spp., Fusarium spp., Trichoderma spp. were more often detected. It was found that the surface of air conditioners functioned sporadically. For a short time (28 rooms), there is a large species diversity of mycobiota at a low or moderate level of seeding (no more than 103 CFU). In rooms with long-term continuous air conditioners (12 rooms), a high level of seeding (more than 104 CFU) by 1-2 species of fungi was more often noted. The existence of a close relationship, confirmed by the values of the Pearson contingency coefficient, between the species composition of the mycobiota of air conditioning devices and air, and a higher level of mycogenic contamination in rooms with long-term continuous operation of air conditioners, were shown. Conclusion. Thus, air conditioning devices can be a source of mycogenic air contamination, especially during long-term continuous operation, which must be taken into account to ensure indoor air quality.

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Bacterial and Fungal Contamination of Air conditioners filters and Carpets

Abstract: Abstract

Cited by 2 publications

References 22 publications

Bioaerosols in public and tourist buses

Bioaerosols in public and tourist buses

Assessment of mold infestation of conditioning devices and indoor air

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