Bacterial arthropod-borne diseases in West Africa

Ehounoud, Cyrille Bilé; Fénollar, Florence; Dahmani, Mustapha; N’Guessan, Jean David; Raoult, Didier; Mediannikov, Oleg

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.03.029

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 209 publications

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“…Matjila et al () reported 3% incidence rate of E. canis from blood samples collected from dogs; hence, no literature has reported recovery or detection of E. canis from human sample in South Africa. The detection of E. canis from the present study is supported by the findings of Ehounoud et al (), who also reported the detection of E. canis from Rhipicephalus ticks in Côte d'Ivoire.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Phylogenetic profiling for zoonoticEhrlichiaspp. from ixodid ticks in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

Adelabu

Iweriebor

Okoh

et al. 2020

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Ticks are obligate hematophagous parasite of vertebrate that transmit a range of pathogenic microorganisms that can cause diseases in livestock and humans. The range of tick-borne disease causative agents infecting domestic animals and humans has recently increased. Several significant zoonotic tick-borne diseases such as ehrlichiosis among others are on the increase worldwide. This study was designed to investigate the occurrence of zoonotic Ehrlichia spp. from samples collected from livestock in selected communities in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Tick samples were manually collected from domesticated animals in selected homesteads.The ticks were morphologically identified to species and tested for Ehrlichia infection via polymerase chain reaction (PCR), using genus-specific disulphide bond formation protein (dsbA) gene primers. This was followed by sequence analysis of amplicons and phylogeny. Of the 1,200 ticks collected, Amblyomma hebraeum was most prevalent (n = 335; 27.9%), followed by Rhipicephalus appendiculatus (n = 274; 22.8%), Rhipicephalus decoloratus; (n = 224; 18.7%) and Rhipicephalus eversti eversti (n = 200, 16.7%). Ehrlichia DNA was detected in 19/1,200 (1.6%) of the screened DNA samples. A homology search of the generated sequences revealed a high percentage of identity between 95% and 98% with other homologous dsbA gene sequences of other Ehrlichia species in GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the obtained sequences clustered unambiguously with other Ehrlichia sequences from different geographical regions of the world. We concluded that Ehrlichial pathogens are vectored by the ticks collected from domesticated animals in the study areas, thus suggesting concern for public health, as some of the recovered pathogens are zoonotic in nature and could pose serious public health risk through human exposure to tick bites.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Phylogenetic profiling for zoonoticEhrlichiaspp. from ixodid ticks in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

Adelabu

Iweriebor

Okoh

et al. 2020

Transbound Emerg Dis

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“…Ehrlichia canis infection in dogs induces monocytotropic ehrlichiosis and results in various signs depending on the disease stages [61], whereas A. platys induces a recurrent thrombocytopenia that can be resolved in the absence of other infecting agents or complicating factors [62, 63]. The prevalence to E. canis and A. platys in Africa is poorly known; however, these two species are apparently ubiquitous throughout the African area where the R. sanguineus tick group is spread [17, 64].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Africa, the prevalence of Anaplasmataceae infection and extent to which livestock productivity has been affected remain poorly understood. These bacteria were recorded in many countries in southern Africa but few studies have been conducted in West Africa [17]. To better understand the epidemiological significance of the Anaplasmataceae infection in animals, it is necessary to include in the analyses multiple samples from different mammalian hosts and vectors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular investigation and phylogeny of species of the Anaplasmataceae infecting animals and ticks in Senegal

et al. 2019

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BackgroundOur study aimed to assess the diversity of the species of Anaplasmataceae in Senegal that infect animals and ticks in three areas: near Keur Momar Sarr (northern region), Dielmo and Diop (Sine Saloum, central region of Senegal), and in Casamance (southern region of Senegal).MethodsA total of 204 ticks and 433 blood samples were collected from ruminants, horses, donkeys and dogs. Ticks were identified morphologically and by molecular characterization targeting the 12S rRNA gene. Molecular characterization of species of Anaplasmataceae infecting Senegalese ticks and animals was conducted using the 23S rRNA, 16S rRNA, rpoB and groEL genes.ResultsTicks were identified as Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi (84.3%), Hyalomma rufipes (8.3%), Hyalomma impeltatum (4.9%), R. bursa (1.5%) and R. muhsamae (0.9%). The overall prevalence of Anaplasmataceae infection in ticks was 0.9%, whereas 41.1% of the sampled animals were found infected by one of the species belonging to this family. We identified the pathogen Anaplasma ovis in 55.9% of sheep, A. marginale and A. centrale in 19.4% and 8.1%, respectively, of cattle, as well as a putative new species of Anaplasmataceae. Two Anaplasma species commonly infecting ruminants were identified. Anaplasma cf. platys, closely related to A. platys was identified in 19.8% of sheep, 27.7% of goats and 22.6% of cattle, whereas a putative new species, named here provisionally “Candidatus Anaplasma africae”, was identified in 3.7% of sheep, 10.3% of goats and 8.1% of cattle. Ehrlichia canis and Anaplasma platys were identified only from dogs sampled in the Keur Momar Sarr area. Ehrlichia canis was identified in 18.8% of dogs and two R. e. evertsi ticks removed from the same sheep. Anaplasma platys was identified in 15.6% of dogs. Neither of the dogs sampled from Casamance region nor the horses and donkeys sampled from Keur Momar Sarr area were found infected by an Anaplasmataceae species.ConclusionsThis study presents a summary of Anaplasmataceae species that infect animals and ticks in three areas from the northern, central and southern regions of Senegal. To our knowledge, our findings demonstrate for the first time the presence of multiple Anaplasmataceae species that infect ticks and domestic animals in Senegal. We recorded two potentially new species commonly infecting ruminants named here provisionally as Anaplasma cf. platys and “Candidatus Anaplasma africae”. However, E. canis was the only species identified and amplified from ticks. None of the other Anaplasmataceae species identified in animals were identified in the tick species collected from animals.

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“… 17 and Ehounoud et al . 29 for syntheses) that are highly likely to be present within the human dwellings sampled. For instance, the trombiculid mites involved in the transmission of Orientia 27 are known to have a very large host spectrum and low host specificity 28 , and these characteristics may have facilitated the introduction and/or persistence of this bacterium in new environments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ehounoud et al . 29 ). For instance, extensive surveys of zoonotic Borrelia in West African rodents (e.g., Trape et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological and sanitary impacts of bacterial communities associated to biological invasions in African commensal rodent communities

Diagne

Galan

Tamisier

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Changes in host-parasite ecological interactions during biological invasion events may affect both the outcome of invasions and the dynamics of exotic and/or endemic infections. We tested these hypotheses, by investigating ongoing house mouse (Mus musculus domesticus) and black rat (Rattus rattus) invasions in Senegal (West Africa). We used a 16S gene rRNA amplicon sequencing approach to study potentially zoonotic bacterial communities in invasive and native rodents sampled along two well-defined independent invasion routes. We found that individual host factors (body mass and sex) were important drivers of these bacterial infections in rodents. We observed that the bacterial communities varied along invasion routes and differed between invasive and native rodents, with native rodents displaying higher overall bacterial diversity than invasive rodents. Differences in prevalence levels for some bacterial Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) provided support for ecological processes connecting parasitism and invasion success. Finally, our results indicated that rodent invasions may lead to the introduction of exotic bacterial genera and/or to changes in the prevalence of endemic ones. This study illustrates the difficulty of predicting the relationship between biodiversity and disease risks, and advocate for public health prevention strategies based on global pathogen surveillance followed by accurate characterization of potential zoonotic agents.

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Bacterial arthropod-borne diseases in West Africa

Cited by 9 publications

References 209 publications

Phylogenetic profiling for zoonoticEhrlichiaspp. from ixodid ticks in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

Phylogenetic profiling for zoonoticEhrlichiaspp. from ixodid ticks in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

Molecular investigation and phylogeny of species of the Anaplasmataceae infecting animals and ticks in Senegal

Ecological and sanitary impacts of bacterial communities associated to biological invasions in African commensal rodent communities

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