Bacterial Biofilm Growth on Various Dental Stabilization Systems for Avulsed and Luxated Teeth

Abstract

With the increased incidence of traumatic injuries and the advanced understanding of the periodontal and alveolar healing process, teeth splinting has become a common practice for stabilizing traumatized teeth. Consequently, several splinting materials and techniques have been introduced in the past few years. Despite the detrimental role of bacterial biofilm on healing, the level of biofilm development on these material surfaces has not been well investigated. Bacterial biofilms are severely detrimental for periodontal healing of avulsed and luxated teeth. Thus, biofilm growth becomes a critical factor in selecting the material of choice for dental splints. In this study, we aim to assess the level of oral biofilm growth on four different splinting systems: Ribbond©, orthodontic NiTi wire, monofilament fishing line, and Titanium Trauma Splint. A total of 72 extracted anterior teeth were divided into four groups. We splinted six rows of three teeth each per group. The teeth selected were caries-free and periodontitis-free at the time of extraction. To assess biofilm growth, a supragingival dental plaque sample was cultured and directly inoculated into all groups. After 7 days, bacterial growth was quantified by live/dead fluorescent microscopy assay and colony forming unit counts (CFU). Using one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni’s post hoc tests, we demonstrated that all splint systems allowed for bacterial growth. However, the Titanium Trauma Splint (TTS) allowed for the least amount of biofilm growth compared to other splint systems.

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“…The MS were then kept in the refrigerator at -10 o C for 48 hours to induce dormancy triggered by nutrient starvation (Gray et al, 2019;Jones & Lennon, 2010). After 48 hours, the MS were taken out from the refrigerator, and the initial assessment of live microbial cell concentrations (LMC) was done using "Invitrogen TM LIVE/DEAD TM BacLight TM Bacterial Viability Kit" (Invitrogen Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR, USA) (Mona et al, 2021;Rosenberg et al, 2019;Vatansever & Turetgen, 2021). Then, the MS were divided into two groups, and one group was treated with 10 µl of BFEx.…”

“…Then, 1 ml of sterilized distilled water was added into each tube and centrifuged again at 8000 rpm for 10 minutes to wash the pellet. Finally, 1 ml of sterilized distilled water was added again into each tube, and live microbial cell concentrations were measured by staining with SYTO® 9 and propidium iodide using LIVE/DEAD TM BacLight TM bacterial viability kit (Invitrogen Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR, USA) (Mona et al, 2021;Rosenberg et al, 2019;Vatansever & Turetgen, 2021).…”

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“…Each treatment had three replicates in a completely randomized design. Live microbial cell concentrations were determined after 24 and 48 hours of inoculation using LIVE/DEAD ™ BacLight ™ bacterial viability kit (Invitrogen Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR, USA) [19,20,21].…”