Bacterial biofilm in colorectal cancer: What is the real mechanism of action?

Mirzaei, Rasoul; Mirzaei, Hamed; Alikhani, Mohammad Yousef; Sholeh, Mohammad; Arabestani, Mohammad Reza; Saidijam, Massoud; Karampoor, Sajad; Ahmadyousefi, Yaghoub; Moghadam, Mohammad Shokri; Irajian, Gholam Reza; Hasanvand, Hamze; Yousefimashouf, Rasoul

doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104052

Cited by 34 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…Second, cholecystectomy can increase the risk of CRC by enhancing the risk of the metabolic syndrome due to the impairment of cholesterol metabolism [26,34,35]. Third, cholecystectomy can change the activity of colonic microbiota, which can also lead to the development of CRC [36,37]. However, our study does not demonstrate the detrimental effect of cholecystectomy on the development of CRC, therefore, these explanations above hardly support our findings.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

The Effect of Cholecystectomy on the Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Patients with Gallbladder Stones

Chen

Lin

Kao

2020

Cancers

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To evaluate the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) after cholecystectomy for gallbladder stones (GBS). Methods: This nationwide population-based cohort study analyzed the inpatient data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. The study cohort comprised of 83,963 patients aged ≥ 20 years undergoing cholecystectomy for GBS between 2000 and 2010. The control cohort comprised the GBS patients without cholecystectomy, who were propensity matched with the study cohort at a 1:1 ratio based on age, sex, comorbidities, and the index date for cholecystectomy. Results: The cumulative incidence of CRC within 6 months of follow-up was higher in the cholecystectomy cohort than that in the non-cholecystectomy cohort (aHR (adjusted hazard ratio) = 7.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 6.27–9.94; log-rank test, p < 0.001). The cumulative incidence of CRC after 6 months of follow-up was lower in the cholecystectomy cohort than that in the non-cholecystectomy cohort (aHR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.60–0.73; log-rank test, p < 0.001), but the reduced risk of CRC for the cholecystectomy cohort was statistically significant only in rectal cancer after separately considering females (aHR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.46–0.88) and males (aHR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.44–0.79). Conclusions: The positive association between cholecystectomy and the CRC risk within the first 6 months after cholecystectomy might be due to a detection bias or pre-existing CRC. However, cholecystectomy is associated with a decreased risk of rectal cancer, rather than proximal or distal colon cancer, after more than 6 months of follow-up.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

The Effect of Cholecystectomy on the Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Patients with Gallbladder Stones

Chen

Lin

Kao

2020

Cancers

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“…Bacterial biofilms formed in human intestines have been reported to sustain and trigger colorectal cancer progression. Molecular processes involved in the interaction of carcinogenic factors formed by pathogens, their biofilms, and the host’s response in colorectal cancer initiation and progression have also emerged ( Mirzaei et al, 2020 ). Furthermore, the aggregation of bacteria in biofilms was reported to cause injuries and inflammation of intestinal epithelial tissues, thus aggravating the cancer ( Gao et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phyto-Mediated Synthesis of Porous Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles From Withania somnifera Root Extract: Broad-Spectrum Attenuation of Biofilm and Cytotoxic Properties Against HepG2 Cell Lines

et al. 2020

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There is grave necessity to counter the menace of drug-resistant biofilms of pathogens using nanomaterials. Moreover, we need to produce nanoparticles (NPs) using inexpensive clean biological approaches that demonstrate broad-spectrum inhibition of microbial biofilms and cytotoxicity against HepG2 cell lines. In the current research work, titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) NPs were fabricated through an environmentally friendly green process using the root extract of Withania somnifera as the stabilizing and reducing agent to examine its antibiofilm and anticancer potential. Further, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron micrograph (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), dynamic light scattering (DLS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) techniques were used for determining the crystallinity, functional groups involved, shape, size, thermal behavior, surface area, and porosity measurement, respectively, of the synthesized TiO 2 NPs. Antimicrobial potential of the TiO 2 NPs was determined by evaluating the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus , Listeria monocytogenes , Serratia marcescens , and Candida albicans . Furthermore, at levels below the MIC (0.5 × MIC), TiO 2 NPs demonstrated significant inhibition of biofilm formation (43–71%) and mature biofilms (24–64%) in all test pathogens. Cell death due to enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production could be responsible for the impaired biofilm production in TiO 2 NP–treated pathogens. The synthesized NPs induced considerable reduction in the viability of HepG2 in vitro and could prove effective in controlling liver cancer. In summary, the green synthesized TiO 2 NPs demonstrate multifarious biological properties and could be used as an anti-infective agent to treat biofilm-based infections and cancer.

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“…Previous studies have revealed that the prominent view of tumor type-specific intracellular bacteria is initially driven and triggered by the colonization of specific pathogens in the local mucosa, which subsequently results in changes in the surrounding environment of cancer and thereby allows the colonization of specific opportunistic pathogens, even though they are usually healthy flora in the intestine (Man et al, 2015;Mirzaei et al, 2020;Nejman et al, 2020). With the continuous introduction of individualized and precise treatments and due to the morbidity of LCC and RCC, VEGF-and EGFR-targeted drug therapies have been further explored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Community Profiling Distinguishes Left-Sided and Right-Sided Colon Cancer

Zhong

Xiong

et al. 2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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The difference between left- and right-sided colon cancer has become the focus of global attention, and researchers have found differences in the morbidity, molecular biological characteristics, and response to targeted drug therapy between left- and right-sided colon cancer. Therefore, the identification of more effective predictive indicators is critical for providing guidance to future clinical work. We collected samples from different colon sites and regions and analyzed the identities and distributions of differentially expressed species in the microbiota in the left and right sides of the colon to better explore the pathogenesis of colon cancer and provided a basis for individualized drug therapy. We collected samples from different regions in the body of 40 patients with colon cancer, including stool and tissues. The Subjects were classified into four groups, and this classification was mainly based on the colon cancer distribution. The microbiota composition of the left-sided and right-sided colon samples was assessed by specifically amplifying the V3-V4 region of the 16S rDNA gene from DNA extracts from the samples. These amplicons were examined by Illumina HiSeq 2500 sequencing. The microbial taxa in the left-sided colon samples are more abundant than those in the right-sided colon samples. The flora in the left-sided colon samples, such as Clostridium perfringens and Fusobacterium nucleatum, might be associated with VEGF expression and are more likely to promote colon cancer. The microbiota distribution in the right-sided colon samples is less invasive and harmful and particularly rich in Bifidobacterium dentium. In addition, Streptococcus, which is the target of EGFR, was found to be expressed in both the left- and right-sided colon samples but was found at a higher level in the left-sided colon samples. Additionally, the differential pathways involved in the left-sided colon samples mainly mediate DNA damage, methylation, and histone modifications, whereas those in the right-sided colon samples are dominated by DNA synthesis. The comparison of only the geographical differences revealed a significant difference in the distribution of the microbial population. The adherent microbiota composition and structural changes between the left- and right-sided colon samples might contribute to the development of colon cancer, lead to different morbidities, and further affect the prognosis of patients and their sensitivity to targeted drugs. Therefore, the identification of the differential flora in the colon could be used as an indicator for predicting the occurrence and development of colon cancer, which is also beneficial for future individualized drug therapy.

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Bacterial biofilm in colorectal cancer: What is the real mechanism of action?

Cited by 34 publications

References 111 publications

The Effect of Cholecystectomy on the Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Patients with Gallbladder Stones

The Effect of Cholecystectomy on the Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Patients with Gallbladder Stones

Phyto-Mediated Synthesis of Porous Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles From Withania somnifera Root Extract: Broad-Spectrum Attenuation of Biofilm and Cytotoxic Properties Against HepG2 Cell Lines

Microbial Community Profiling Distinguishes Left-Sided and Right-Sided Colon Cancer

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