Bacterial biofilms within the clinical setting: what healthcare professionals should know

Lindsay, D.; Holy, A. von

doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2006.06.028

Cited by 325 publications

(251 citation statements)

References 142 publications

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“…Vials D and E showed the greatest zones of inhibition, but the visibility is somewhat impaired by the increasing brown colouration as the percentage AgNO 3 increased. The release of NO 3 À ions from the sol-gel may be a possible explanation for this discolouration. Therefore, the use of such high concentrations of AgNO 3 in a coating matrix may cause cytotoxicity concerns.…”

Section: Killing Of Planktonic Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This can have serious implications for a patient including the risk of infection, a necessity for implant removal and patient relapse [1,2]. Biofilm forming bacteria are inherently more resistant to antibacterial agents than planktonic bacteria due to physical diffusion barriers and physiological differences [3]. Therefore, antibiotic concentrations which are generally effective against planktonic bacteria are ineffective against sessile bacteria [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevention of Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation using a low-temperature processed silver-doped phenyltriethoxysilane sol–gel coating

Stobie

Duffy

McCormack³

et al. 2008

Biomaterials

161

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Sol-gel coatings which elute bioactive silver ions are presented as a potential solution to the problem of biofilm formation on indwelling surfaces. There is evidence that high-temperature processing of such materials can lead to diffusion of silver away from the coating surface, reducing the amount of available silver. In this study, we report the biofilm inhibition of a Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm using a low-temperature processed silver-doped phenyltriethoxysilane sol-gel coating. The incorporation of a silver salt into a sol-gel matrix resulted in an initial high release of silver in de-ionised water and physiological buffered saline (PBS), followed by a lower sustained release for at least 6 days-as determined by graphite furnace-atomic absorption spectroscopy (GF-AAS). The release of silver ions from the sol-gel coating reduced the adhesion and prevented formation of a S. epidermidis biofilm over a 10-day period. The presence of surface silver before and after 24 h immersion in PBS was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). These silver-doped coatings also exhibited significant antibacterial activity against planktonic S. epidermidis. A simple test to visualise the antibacterial effect of silver release coatings on neighbouring bacterial cultures is also reported. r

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Section: Killing Of Planktonic Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation using a low-temperature processed silver-doped phenyltriethoxysilane sol–gel coating

Stobie

Duffy

McCormack³

et al. 2008

Biomaterials

161

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“…In isolates BM6 and BM11, aap transcription did not vary greatly under the different environmental conditions. The agr system may also influence the role of Aap in the accumulative phase of biofilm formation indirectly by controlling extracellular protease production (Rohde et al, 2005;Lindsay & von Holy, 2006). It is known that Aap requires proteolytic cleavage for activity (Rohde et al, 2005).…”

Section: Atle and Aapmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofilm characteristics of Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates associated with device-related meningitis

Stevens

Greene

O’Gara

et al. 2009

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm causes device-related meningitis in neurosurgical patients. This study assessed the contribution of polysaccharide and protein to the development of a strong biofilm-positive phenotype in four S. epidermidis isolates associated with probable device-related meningitis, under varying environmental conditions. RT-PCR analysis of the intercellular adhesion operon (icaADBC) and assessment of polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA) production indicated a correlation between increased icaA transcription and PIA production in ica + isolates grown in medium with 4 % ethanol and 4 % NaCl. Treatment of biofilm with sodium metaperiodate caused dispersion of adhered cells (P ,0.0001), indicating involvement of PIA. Transcriptional levels of protein factors revealed that atlE transcription levels were similar in all isolates, whilst aap levels were variable, with induction being seen in two isolates following growth in the presence of alcohol or salt. Transcription of agr did not influence protein expression and RNAIII transcription varied among the strains. Although aap transcription was induced, the treatment of biofilm with proteinase K did not always disperse the biofilm. Our data suggest that, among the three ica + S. epidermidis isolates clinically associated with meningitis that were studied, PIA contributed to the strong biofilm-positive phenotype, whereas protein factors appeared to have a secondary role. INTRODUCTIONSuccessful treatment and prevention of hydrocephalus, a common neurosurgical condition, often involves the insertion of an external ventricular drain (EVD) or a shunt. However, this can be complicated by infections such as meningitis, often caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), with Staphylococcus epidermidis being isolated most frequently (Diaz-Mitoma et al., 1987). Mounting evidence suggests that such infections are a result of biofilm formation on the device (Diaz-Mitoma et al., 1987;Tojo et al., 1988;Kockro et al., 2000).Staphylococcal biofilm formation involves both host and bacterial factors. Early investigations have shown that production of polysaccharide is a primary mechanism employed by S. epidermidis (Peters et al., 1987;Tojo et al., 1988; Christensen et al., 1990;Mack et al., 1992). The polysaccharide is a polymeric homoglycan consisting of repeating units of b-1,6-N-acetylglucosamine (Mack et al., 1996; McKenney et al., 1998;Maira-Litran et al., 2002;Sadovskaya et al., 2005), termed polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA). Synthesis of PIA is linked to the biosynthetic enzyme-coding genes located in the intercellular adhesion operon (icaADBC) (Heilmann et al., 1996), and biofilm production involving PIA is known to be ica-dependent and is considered the primary mechanism employed by staphylococci (Stevens et al., 2008).Other ica-independent mechanisms of biofilm development in staphylococci have been identified and protein factors such as the major cell-wall autolysin (AtlE) have been found to promote the initial adhesion of S. epiderm...

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“…The basic problem of nosocomial infections caused by water-borne bacteria is formation of biofilm in the water systems [2,[15][16][17]. Several factors promote the formation of biofilm in water systems: (1) the bacterial quality of the external water supply [2]; (2) the construction of the important water pipes [2,18]; (3) the material used for pipes [19][20][21][22][23][24]; (4) the water flow; (5) the occurrence of dead ends [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of Getting Nosocomial Water-Borne Infections from the Main Water Systems in Hospitals

Andersen¹,

Høg²,

Joensen³

2017

JLS

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Drinking water may be a risk factor for human infections if the water supply is contaminated with biofilm producing bacteria such as Legionella pneumophilae or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Several situations have to be considered when water supply to new buildings is planned. The aim of this paper is to review situations that have to be considered in new buildings and give an example on a new water supply contaminated with biofilm producing water bacteria and the precautions introduced to eliminate the contamination. When new buildings are planned it should be considered where to get the water and what is the microbiological quality of the water. If the water is contaminated there will be troubles from the beginning. The material for the pipes should be considered as biofilm which is produced in greater amounts and faster in PEG pipes than in stainless steel pipes. The choice of material depends on the expected lifetime of the building, the dimensions of the pipes, and the choice of forceps, how often the taps are used and thereby the flow in the system. The higher flow the less and slower biofilm formation. It is important to reduce the number of taps to a minimum to ovoid "dead ends" if they are not or only seldom used. Alternatively all taps could be opened automatically regularly. It is important to establish precautions to ovoid contamination of the water system in the period from when it is established until the building is taken in use. The period can be several months during which the system can act as a "dead end" if no precautions, such as regularly opening of all taps, are taken. The microbiological quality of the water in the system should be controlled before the building is taken in use. In a new building, where the water supply and the water in the building was not controlled before the building was taken in use, extremely high total and Legionella germ counts were found. The water was disinfected with low concentrations of chloride with very little effect. After disinfection with high concentrations of chloride for few hours and placing a sterile filter at the water entrance both the total and Legionella germ count decreased to an acceptable level.

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Bacterial biofilms within the clinical setting: what healthcare professionals should know

Cited by 325 publications

References 142 publications

Prevention of Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation using a low-temperature processed silver-doped phenyltriethoxysilane sol–gel coating

Prevention of Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation using a low-temperature processed silver-doped phenyltriethoxysilane sol–gel coating

Biofilm characteristics of Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates associated with device-related meningitis

Risk of Getting Nosocomial Water-Borne Infections from the Main Water Systems in Hospitals

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