Bacterial Causes of Intestinal Disease in Dairy Calves

Gull, Tamara

doi:10.1016/j.cvfa.2021.11.008

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…First, C. perfringens is a commensal organism of the GIT of calves. All types found have the capability of producing toxins; however, Toxin A is most frequently detected in samples [ 12 ]. Therefore, detecting this bacteria in the fecal samples of diseased animals or detecting a toxin gene does not prove that the bacterium is causing the disease.…”

Section: Etiologic Agents and Pathophysiology Of Diarrheamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, detecting this bacteria in the fecal samples of diseased animals or detecting a toxin gene does not prove that the bacterium is causing the disease. Although some ELISA assays allow for the detection of Toxin A in intestinal contents, these assays cannot distinguish among the different types of C. perfringens [ 12 ].…”

Section: Etiologic Agents and Pathophysiology Of Diarrheamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unlike ETEC, these pathogroups cause damage to the intestinal epithelium, and diarrhea can be hemorrhagic. However, a direct link between these pathogroups and calf diarrhea is not well established, as laboratories rarely type the E. coli detected in the feces of diarrheic calves older than 5 days [12]. The predominant Salmonella spp.…”

Section: Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neonatal Calf Diarrhea and Gastrointestinal Microbiota: Etiologic Agents and Microbiota Manipulation for Treatment and Prevention of Diarrhea

Jessop,

Li,

Renaud

et al. 2024

Veterinary Sciences

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Neonatal calf diarrhea is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality globally. The changes associated with the gastrointestinal microbiota in neonatal calves experiencing diarrhea and its etiology are not fully understood or completely defined in the literature. Several studies have demonstrated that the fecal microbiota of calves that experience diarrhea substantially deviates from that of healthy age-matched calves. However, one key question remains: whether the changes observed in the bacterial communities (also known as dysbiosis) are a predisposing factor for, or the consequence of, gastrointestinal inflammation caused by the pathogens associated with calf diarrhea. The first objective of this literature review is to present the current information regarding the changes in the fecal microbiota of diarrheic calves and the impact of the pathogens associated with diarrhea on fecal microbiota. Modulation of the gastrointestinal microbiota using pre- and probiotics, colostrum feeding, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been used to treat and prevent gastrointestinal diseases in humans and dogs. Although information regarding the use of probiotics for the prevention of diarrhea is available in cattle, little information is available regarding the use of these strategies for treating calf diarrhea and the use of prebiotics or FMT to prevent diarrhea. The second objective of this literature review is to summarize the current knowledge regarding the impact of prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, colostrum feeding, and FMT for the treatment and prevention of calf diarrhea.

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Section: Etiologic Agents and Pathophysiology Of Diarrheamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Etiologic Agents and Pathophysiology Of Diarrheamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neonatal Calf Diarrhea and Gastrointestinal Microbiota: Etiologic Agents and Microbiota Manipulation for Treatment and Prevention of Diarrhea

Jessop,

Li,

Renaud

et al. 2024

Veterinary Sciences

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Metagenomic and metabolomic analyses reveal the role of gut microbiome-associated metabolites in diarrhea calves

Shi,

Wang,

Yan

et al. 2023

mSystems

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Calf diarrhea is a multifactorial disease that affects the cattle industry and accounts for more than 50% of calf mortality. Although there is evidence of an association between altered gut microbiota and diarrhea, remarkably little is known about the microbial and metabolic mechanisms underlying the link between gut microbiota dysbiosis and the occurrence of calf diarrhea. Here, we performed fecal metagenomic and metabolomic studies on fecal samples from diarrheic and healthy calves of Xia-nan cattle breed. Results revealed that composition of the gut microbiome and metabolome was remarkably altered in diarrheic calves, and gut microbial alterations were associated with diarrhea and linked to the changes in metabolites. Metabolite profiles showed that diarrheic calves exhibited a marked decrease in some purines (adenosine, adenine, 2'-deoxyguanosine, allantoate, deoxyinosine, and deoxyguanosine) and arachidonic acid (prostaglandin F2α and prostaglandin E2) compared to healthy calves. Purine-producing microbial species, including Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Campylobacter coli , Treponema porcinum , Klebsiella pneumoniae , and Phocaeicola coprophilus , were significantly reduced in diarrheic calves compared to healthy calves, whereas the arachidonic acid-producing species such as Neisseria gonorrhoeae , Staphylococcus aureus , and Clostridiales bacterium exhibited a marked increase. These microbial signatures were closely associated with the metabolic dysbiosis of purine and arachidonic acid in diarrhea calves. Our study showed that gut microbiota-driven metabolic disorders of purine or arachidonic acid were associated with calf diarrhea. The findings prove that altered gut microbiota plays a role in diarrhea pathogenesis and indicate that gut microbiota-targeted therapies could be useful for both prevention and treatment of diarrhea. IMPORTANCE Calf diarrhea is of great concern to the global dairy industry as it results in significant economic losses due to lower conception rates, reduced milk production, and early culling. Although there is evidence of an association between altered gut microbiota and diarrhea, remarkably little is known about the microbial and metabolic mechanisms underlying the link between gut microbiota dysbiosis and the occurrence of calf diarrhea. Here, we used fecal metagenomic and metabolomic analyses to demonstrate that gut microbiota-driven metabolic disorders of purine or arachidonic acid were associated with calf diarrhea. These altered gut microbiotas play vital roles in diarrhea pathogenesis and indicate that gut microbiota-targeted therapies could be useful for both prevention and treatment of diarrhea.

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The Effects of a Blend of Essential Oils in the Milk of Suckling Calves on Performance, Immune and Antioxidant Systems, and Intestinal Microbiota

Nora,

Marcon,

Deolindo

et al. 2024

Animals

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The objective of the present study was to determine whether the addition of a blend based on the essential oils of cinnamon, oregano, and eucalyptus to the liquid diets of calves would stimulate the immune system combined with anti-inflammatory action, minimize oxidative responses, and alter the intestinal microbiota, consequently enhancing animal growth. Twenty-four male Holstein calves (approximately five days old) were suckled for 60 days, underwent a weaning process, and were followed up until day 75 of the experiment. The calves were divided into control (n = 12) and phytobiotic (n = 12) groups, receiving commercial milk replacer and pelleted concentrate ad libitum. For the phytobiotic group, we added the blend to the liquid diet twice daily at 5 mL/feeding in the first 15 days and 10 mL/feeding until day 60. We detected no differences in weight gain, but animals in the phytobiotic group tended to consume less feed. Calves treated with phytobiotics showed better conversion and feed efficiency than the animals in the control group. Lower leukocyte and lymphocyte counts were observed, as was a higher cholesterol concentration. Immunoglobulin A, ceruloplasmin, and transferrin also differed between groups, with higher IgA and lower levels of acute-phase proteins (ceruloplasmin and transferrin) in calves that consumed the phytobiotic. Higher glutathione S-transferase activity was found in the serum of calves in the treatment group. The intestinal microbiota did not differ between the groups; however, the genera Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, and Psychrobacter were the most abundant regardless of treatment. We concluded that the blend of oils based on cinnamon, oregano, and eucalyptus improved the calves’ immune and antioxidant systems, improving feed efficiency without affecting the intestinal microbiota.

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Bacterial Causes of Intestinal Disease in Dairy Calves

Cited by 3 publications

References 48 publications

Neonatal Calf Diarrhea and Gastrointestinal Microbiota: Etiologic Agents and Microbiota Manipulation for Treatment and Prevention of Diarrhea

Neonatal Calf Diarrhea and Gastrointestinal Microbiota: Etiologic Agents and Microbiota Manipulation for Treatment and Prevention of Diarrhea

Metagenomic and metabolomic analyses reveal the role of gut microbiome-associated metabolites in diarrhea calves

The Effects of a Blend of Essential Oils in the Milk of Suckling Calves on Performance, Immune and Antioxidant Systems, and Intestinal Microbiota

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