Bacterial Coinfections in Lung Tissue Specimens from Fatal Cases of 2009 Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) – United States, May–August 2009

Leggiadro, Robert J.

doi:10.1097/01.inf.0000366838.82857.78

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…During influenza pandemics prior to that of 2009, bacterial coinfections caused by S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, S. aureus, and group A streptococci significantly contributed to morbidity and mortality. 9,10 H. influenzae is a small gram-negative bacillus that can be part of the respiratory tract normal microbiome. When the bacterial cell membrane breaks, lipopolysaccharide is released, which is a molecule that participates in the inflammatory process and that in serum binds to lipopolysaccharide-binding proteins (LBP), a complex with high specificity to CD14.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of coinfection with influenza virus and bacteria on host damage

Castro¹,

Cabello-Gutiérrez²,

Pulido-Camarillo³

et al. 2023

GMM

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Background: Influenza virus infection is often complicated by a bacterial infection, with this coinfection causing severe pneumonia. If not timely treated, the disease can cause death. Objective: To demonstrate, in animal models, that coinfection with influenza virus and bacteria that affect the respiratory tract causes multisystemic damage. Method: Six groups of mice were formed: a control group, one infected with the influenza virus, two infected with bacteria: Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae, respectively; and two co-infected with influenza virus and Haemophilus influenzae or Streptococcus pneumoniae, respectively. Results: Of the six groups of mice, only the group co-infected with influenza virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae showed damage to thoracic and abdominal organs. A decrease in serum cytokine levels was found in all study groups, which was more pronounced in the co-infected mice. Conclusions: The groups of mice infected with Streptococcus pneumoniae or influenza virus alone showed no damage, which indicates that coexistence of these infections caused the damage in the group of co-infected mice.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of coinfection with influenza virus and bacteria on host damage

Castro¹,

Cabello-Gutiérrez²,

Pulido-Camarillo³

et al. 2023

GMM

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“…Bacterial superinfection is a known complication to influenza infections 5,6 . Studies have found an occurrence of bacterial superinfections following influenza ranging from 4% to 47% 6‐9 . Amongst the most common pathogens in bacterial superinfections are S pneumoniae , S aureus and H influenzae 10 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5,6 Studies have found an occurrence of bacterial superinfections following influenza ranging from 4% to 47%. [6][7][8][9] Amongst the most common pathogens in bacterial superinfections are S pneumoniae, S aureus and H influenzae. 10 Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is known to follow severe influenza especially in immunocompromised patients, but recent studies have shown that otherwise healthy patients are also at risk of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis infection.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID‐19 versus influenza A/B supeRInfectionS in the IntenSive care unit (CRISIS): Protocol for a Danish nationwide cohort study

Mikkelsen

Helleberg

Haase

et al. 2021

Acta Anaesthesiol Scand

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Background Superinfection following viral infection is a known complication, which may lead to longer hospitalisation and worse outcome. Empirical antibiotic therapy may prevent bacterial superinfections, but may also lead to overuse, adverse effects and development of resistant pathogens. Knowledge about the incidence of superinfections in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is limited. Methods We will conduct a nationwide cohort study comparing the incidence of superinfections in patients with severe COVID‐19 admitted to the ICU compared with ICU patients with influenza A/B in Denmark. We will include approximately 1000 patients in each group from the time period of October 1 st , 2014 to April 30 th , 2019 and from March 10 th , 2020 to March 1 st , 2021 for patients with influenza and COVID‐19, respectively. The primary outcome is any superinfection within 90 days of admission to the ICU. We will use logistic regression analysis comparing COVID‐19 with influenza A/B after adjustment for relevant predefined confounders. Secondarily, we will use unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression analyses to assess six potential risk factors (sex, age, cancer (including haematological), immunosuppression, use of life support on day 1 in the ICU) for superinfections, and compare outcomes in patients with COVID‐19 with/without superinfections, and present descriptive data regarding the superinfections. Conclusion This study will provide important knowledge about superinfections in ICU patients with severe COVID‐19.

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“…In addition, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Staphylococcus aureus were frequently associated with NP and mortality in influenza pandemics 5 . It was estimated that approximately 29%-55% of the total 300,000 deaths in the 2009 H1N1 pandemic were caused by secondary bacterial NP 6–8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Microbial Co-infections in the Respiratory Tract of hospitalized COVID-19 patients

Huang

Wang

Shi

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Summary Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global pandemic of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, microbial composition of the respiratory tract and other infected tissues, as well as their possible pathogenic contributions to varying degrees of disease severity in COVID-19 patients remain unclear. Method Between January 27 and February 26, 2020, serial clinical specimens (sputum, nasal and throat swab, anal swab and feces) were collected from a cohort of hospitalized COVID-19 patients, including 8 mildly and 15 severely ill patients (requiring ICU admission and mechanical ventilation), in the Guangdong province, China. Total RNA was extracted and ultra-deep metatranscriptomic sequencing was performed in combination with laboratory diagnostic assays. Co-infection rates, the prevalence and abundance of microbial communities in these COVID-19 patients were determined. Findings Notably, respiratory microbial co-infections were exclusively found in 84.6% of severely ill patients (11/13), among which viral and bacterial co-infections were detected by sequencing in 30.8% (4/13) and 69.2% (9/13) of the patients, respectively. In addition, for 23.1% (3/13) of the patients, bacterial co-infections with Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) and Staphylococcus epidermidis were also confirmed by bacterial culture. Further, a time-dependent, secondary infection of B. cenocepacia with expressions of multiple virulence genes in one severely ill patient was demonstrated, which might be the primary cause of his disease deterioration and death one month after ICU admission. Interpretation Our findings identified distinct patterns of co-infections with SARS-CoV-2 and various respiratory pathogenic microbes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients in relation to disease severity. Detection and tracking of BCC-associated nosocomial infections are recommended to improve the pre-emptive treatment regimen and reduce fatal outcomes of hospitalized patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Funding National Science and Technology Major Project of China, National Major Project for Control and Prevention of Infectious Disease in China, the emergency grants for prevention and control of SARS-CoV-2 of Ministry of Science and Technology and Guangdong province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, Guangdong Provincial Academician Workstation of BGI Synthetic Genomics, and Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Innovative Molecular Diagnostics.

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Bacterial Coinfections in Lung Tissue Specimens from Fatal Cases of 2009 Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) – United States, May–August 2009

Cited by 20 publications

References 11 publications

Effect of coinfection with influenza virus and bacteria on host damage

Effect of coinfection with influenza virus and bacteria on host damage

COVID‐19 versus influenza A/B supeRInfectionS in the IntenSive care unit (CRISIS): Protocol for a Danish nationwide cohort study

Characterization of Microbial Co-infections in the Respiratory Tract of hospitalized COVID-19 patients

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