Bacterial Community Research of Migratory Bird in Chifeng, Neimeng via High-Throughput Sequencing

Abstract

Background: In August 2018, a large number of migratory birds died in Chifeng, Neimeng. We were entrusted by local animal disease prevention and control center to collect the migratory bird epidemic materials and their living environmental water, and in 2019, we collect the local migratory bird stool and their living environmental water again. The bacterial communities in migratory bird epidemic materials, water and aquatic plants are profifiled by high-throughput sequencing of the V3–V4 hypervariable region of 16S rDNA gene.Results: We found that the dominant phylum between migratory bird epidemic materials, water and aquatic plant were Proteobacteia, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria and Verrucomicrobia in 2018. One year later, we found that the dominant phylum between migratory bird stool, water and aquatic plant were Proteobacteia, Firmicutes, Cyanobacteria, Bacteroidetes. The relative abundance among bacterial phylum notably differed between two years. The relative abundance of Fusobacteria and Verrucomicrobia were higher in samples in 2018, while that of Cyanobacteria was higher in water, 2019. The relative abundance of Fusobacteria in migratory bird epidemic materials began to decline in the later period over time. At genus level, the relative abundance of Vibrio, Clostridium and other patnogenic bacteria decreased markedly and disappeared in 2019. The salt content and pH show a downward trend.Conclusions: Differences in diet and geographical location can lead to diversification in migratory bird intestinal flora. It is necessary to pay attention to diversification in intestinal flora of migratory birds, especially the abundance of vibrio in intestine. The overall structure of intestinal flora and relative abundance changes of various species are showed intuitively by 16S rDNA amplicon. But comparing to PCR which using specific primers, the accuracy and sensitivity are relatively poor. In the case of purposeful detection, it can be used in combination with both 16S rDNA amplicon and PCR which using specific primers. They are more accurately, because of supplement each other.

When Vibrios Take Flight: A Meta-analysis of Pathogenic Vibrios Species in Wild and Domestic Birds

“…Clinical signs were reported from 20 study records and were most often associated with V. cholerae non-O1/O139 [63, 66, 75, 77, 87, 89, 93, 96, 98, 100, 101]. One study reported clinical signs, primarily edema and cellulitis of the gastrointestinal tract, with an experimental inoculation of O1 Ogawa in domestic chickens [87].…”

“…as the etiological agents of disease in birds remains only partially answered. Of the 76 studies that surveyed birds for pathogenic Vibrio species, 19 reported disease or death from individuals, scaling up to community level events [63, 66, 75, 77, 87, 89, 93, 96, 98, 100, 101, 108, 115, 118, 121, 125, 127]. Yet, it remains uncertain whether these pathogenic Vibrio species are opportunistic pathogens that contribute to morbidity and/or mortality in already stressed individuals, or whether they can be the primary arbiters of disease [111].…”

“…We were able to identify 60 species that had been examined for V. parahaemolyticus, representing 22 families. For eleven study records, we were unable the species or family of the birds involved in the study [68,71,82,85,95,100,104]. Common Loons (Gavia immer) were the most common species tested for V. parahaemolyticus, after a multi-year mortality event in Florida [102], however the prevalence was only 0.23% (1/434).…”

“…Uncategorized Vibrio spp. were reported from 14 studies [68,69,71,73,74,80,83,95,100,109,124,[127][128][129]. Two studies were associated with clinical signs and/or mortality events, however, these outbreaks were attributed to other causal pathogens [100,127].…”

“…were reported from 14 studies [68,69,71,73,74,80,83,95,100,109,124,[127][128][129]. Two studies were associated with clinical signs and/or mortality events, however, these outbreaks were attributed to other causal pathogens [100,127]. Culture, followed by biochemical panels, were the most commonly utilized methods of identifying Vibrio spp.…”