Bacterial Contamination of Blood Components

Brecher, Mark E.; Hay, Shauna N.

doi:10.1128/cmr.18.1.195-204.2005

Cited by 363 publications

(395 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…After using bacterial culture systems for detection of bacterial contamination in platelet units prepared by aphaeresis method, the rate of sepsis and mortality reduced to 1:75,000-1:500,000 [11]. In Europe culturing of each PC presents logistical problems, so many centers have chosen surrogate methods like measurement of pH and glucose as indicators of contamination [9]; although they are not sufficiently sensitive to meet current AABB standards [12]. Only in the USA most of the whole blood derived platelets are screened by measuring the pH or glucose or other rapid methods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Bact/Alert system is cleared by FDA for quality control of bacterial culture in platelets. The Bact/Alert system monitors CO 2 produced by bacterial proliferation and detect contamination of platelets inoculated to 1 CFU/mL in 12-26 h [9]. The objective of this study was to evaluation of the sensitivity and specificity of use of glucose and pH for bacterial screening of PC compared to the Bact/Alert.…”

Section: Background and Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the Sensitivity and Specificity of Use of Glucose and pH for Bacterial Screening of Platelet Concentrates Compared to the Bact/Alert

Razjou

Naghadeh

Ferdowsi

et al. 2016

Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus

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Bacterial contamination of blood components is the major infectious risk in transfusion medicine. Since platelets should be stored at room temperature that makes them an excellent growth medium for bacteria; it is mentioned as a major problem in transfusion medicine. Transfusion risk of a bacterial contaminated platelet concentrate is higher than viral pathogen such as HIV, HBV, HCV and HTLV. The objective of this study was to evaluation of the sensitivity and specificity of use of glucose and pH for bacterial screening of platelet concentrates compared to the Bact/Alert. 1332 platelet concentrates were screened by the Bact/Alert system for aerobic and anaerobic bacterial contamination. Bacterial contamination was also evaluated by using urine reagent strips (Multistix10 SG Bayer) and culture methods. Moreover PH screening with a pH meter (Metrohm 744 Swiss) and glucose was also used for detection of bacterial contamination. The rate of bacterial contamination detected by the Bact/Alert system in platelet concentrates was 25 in 1332 (1.9 %). It contained 15 (1.1 %) for aerobic bacteria and 10 (.8 %) for anaerobic bacteria. 226 of 1332 were considered as containing bacteria by using urine reagent strips. Six of the 226 units were also positive by the Bact/Alert system. Three of those units were culture positive for aerobic bacteria and three for anaerobic. The result of platelet concentrates that underwent pH screening by use of pH meter and a pH portion of urine reagent strips was the same. The sensitivity and specificity of considering glucose alone for detection of bacterial contamination were 12 and 98 % respectively. For pH alone, these were 24 and 83 %. For glucose and/or pH, these were 24 and 83 %; and for combination of glucose and pH, these were 12 and 98 %. Our results showed use of glucose/pH strips would improve the safety of blood products and should be encouraged.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Background and Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Sensitivity and Specificity of Use of Glucose and pH for Bacterial Screening of Platelet Concentrates Compared to the Bact/Alert

Razjou

Naghadeh

Ferdowsi

et al. 2016

Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus

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“…Infections related to bacterial contamination could be demonstrated in 1 in 5 million red blood cell units, and in a typical year, about one of the five annual deaths from bacterially contaminated blood products is reported to be associated with a unit of red blood cells [25]. Most bacterial organisms do not survive in the cold, but a few such as Serratia marcesans , Yersinia enterocolitica , and Aeromonas species can grow at refrigerator temperatures [26]. They tend to grow slowly in cold blood, dividing about once a day and O 2 − so to take approximately 27 days for a single organism to grow to 10 8 organisms and present with an overwhelming infection or endotoxic shock.…”

Section: Are Stored Red Blood Cells Safe?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Current issues relating to the transfusion of stored red blood cells

Zimrin¹,

2009

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The development of blood storage systems allowed donation and transfusion to be separated in time and space. This separation has permitted the regionalization of donor services with subsequent economies of scale and improvements in the quality and availability of blood products. However, the availability of storage raises the question of how long blood products can and should be stored and how long they are safe and effective. The efficacy of red blood cells was originally measured as the increment in haematocrit and safety began with typing and the effort to reduce the risk of bacterial contamination. Appreciation of a growing list of storage lesions of red blood cells has developed with our increasing understanding of red blood cell physiology and our experience with red blood cell transfusion. However, other than frank haemolysis, rare episodes of bacterial contamination and overgrowth, the reduction of oxygen-carrying capacity associated with the failure of some transfused cells to circulate, and the toxicity of lysophospholipids released from membrane breakdown, storage-induced lesions have not had obvious correlations with safety or efficacy. The safety of red blood cell storage has also been approached in retrospective epidemiologic studies of transfused patients, but the results are frequently biased by the fact that sicker patients are transfused more often and blood banks do not issue blood products in a random order. Several large prospective studies of the safety of stored red blood cells are planned.

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“…In Zimbabwe, these TTIs are routinely screened and diagnosis is aided by improved donor selection methods, and the risk of their transmission through blood transfusion is considered low. Bacterial transmission through blood transfusion has been identified as the cause of infectious complications associated with transfusion in various settings [1][2][3][4][5]. In the United States, bacterial contamination is considered to be the most prevalent infectious risk of blood transfusion and accounts for mortality rates ranging from 1:20,000 to 1:85,000 donor exposures each year [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of bacterial contamination in blood and blood products at the National Blood Service Zimbabwe

Makuni

Simango

Mavenyengwa

2015

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Advances in screening for infections improve the safety of donated blood. Transfusion-related bacterial sepsis, although not established in Zimbabwe, stills makes bacterial contamination of blood clinically relevant. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Harare. Bacteriological and antibiotic susceptibility testing were done using standard methods. Results: Of the 196 samples analyzed, 6 (3.1%) were contaminated with bacteria. Platelets had a significantly high contamination rate compared to other blood products. Bacteria showed varying patterns of susceptibility to the antibiotics tested. Conclusions: The prevalence of bacterial contamination in blood products suggests that patients who receive blood products are at risk of developing infection.

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Bacterial Contamination of Blood Components

Cited by 363 publications

References 60 publications

Evaluation of the Sensitivity and Specificity of Use of Glucose and pH for Bacterial Screening of Platelet Concentrates Compared to the Bact/Alert

Evaluation of the Sensitivity and Specificity of Use of Glucose and pH for Bacterial Screening of Platelet Concentrates Compared to the Bact/Alert

Current issues relating to the transfusion of stored red blood cells

Prevalence of bacterial contamination in blood and blood products at the National Blood Service Zimbabwe

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