Bacterial Contamination of Cellular Blood Components

Blajchman, Morris A.; Ali, Anita M.; Richardson, Harold

doi:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1994.tb04540.x

Cited by 80 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Medical and nursing staff must be aware of the possibility of ABO incompatibility or bacterial infection in a shocked recipient of transfusion, while errors in identification will be minimised by procedural training for porters and phlebotomists and by forthcoming guidelines for blood handling and administration from the British Committee for Standards in Haematology. Infections transmitted by transfusion were relatively rare, a finding consistent with the calculated low residual viral risk,13 now overtaken by the frequency of bacterial contamination of platelet concentrates 14. SHOT data provide mixed messages: the risk:benefit ratio of appropriate transfusion is high compared with other risks in life,15 but safety can still be improved.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Serious hazards of transfusion (SHOT) initiative: analysis of the first two annual reports

Williamson

Lowe

Love

et al. 1999

BMJ

318

215

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reprovision programmes in Britain, provided that these are well planned and well resourced. ConclusionOur findings dispel some of the common concerns and myths associated with "care in the community" patients and provide robust evidence that community care has worked well for the former patients of psychiatric hospitals, most of whom are currently living in the community and posing minimal risk to themselves and the public. In light of this, a change towards institutional care is not a rational policy.We thank the research workers who have contributed to the collection of the data, the patients, and the hospital and community staff. This paper is designated the TAPS project 45.Contributors: NT participated in data collection, analysis, interpretation, and drafting the paper. JL conceived and designed the Team for the Assessment of Psychiatric Services (TAPS) project and has been the director of the research team for the past 13 years. He helped to draft and edit this paper. GG participated in the analysis and interpretation of the mortality data. He also computerised the assessment tools used by TAPS. NT and JL will act as guarantors for the paper.Funding: The Team for the Assessment of Psychiatric Services (TAPS) is funded by the Department of Health, North Thames Regional Health Authority, and the Gatsby Foundation. It is administered through the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London.Competing interests: The TAPS project was largely funded by the Department of Health. This, and previous TAPS papers, were sent for comments to the Department of Health before submission. However, all papers, including this one, were drafted without administrative intervention or scrutiny of any kind. The opinions expressed do not necessarily reflect the policy of the Department of Health. AbstractObjective To receive and collate reports of death or major complications of transfusion of blood or components.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Serious hazards of transfusion (SHOT) initiative: analysis of the first two annual reports

Williamson

Lowe

Love

et al. 1999

BMJ

318

215

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“…Recent studies exploring blood culture contamination rates of blood products have demonstrated that both the quality and mode of application of antiseptic agent can influence the efficacy of skin antisepsis. [145] Chlorhexidine is a broad spectrum antiseptic agent with persistent and cumulative actions. It is less irritant compared to other agents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1] It has been reported that bacteria grown in the products are usually multi drug resistant bacteria and thus risk serious morbidity and mortality among transfused patients. [113] Thus, it is very important to identify transfusion associated bacteremia, analyze the gaps in the process and implement corrective action to prevent them. As there was no growth in any of the culture from patient and/or transfusion product, we do not report any transfusion associated bacteremia during the study period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, approximately 57% of all transfusion transmitted infections have been associated with bacterial contamination. [1] Optimal skin antisepsis of the phlebotomy site is essential to minimize the risk of contamination. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-India has recommended antisepsis with three-step regimen of spirit-10% povidone iodine-spirit for donor arm antisepsis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prospective evaluation of 2% (w/v) alcoholic chlorhexidine gluconate as an antiseptic agent for blood donor arm preparation

Shah

Mehta

Jadhav

2014

Asian J Transfus Sci

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Aim:A prospective study was undertaken to evaluate the use of 2% (w/v) alcoholic chlorhexidine gluconate (2% AlcCHG) in donor arm preparation, to monitor the contamination rate of blood products after the collection and to find incidence of transfusion associated bacteremia.Settings and Design:Optimal skin antisepsis of the phlebotomy site is essential to minimize the risk of contamination. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in India has recommended antisepsis with three-step regimen of spirit-10% povidone iodine-spirit for donor arm antisepsis, but not with chlorhexidine, which is recommended by many other authors.Material and Methods:A total of 795 donors were studied from July 2011 to January 2012. Spirit-10% povidone iodine-spirit was used for 398 donors and 2% AlcCHG was used for 397 donors with the two-step method for arm antisepsis. Swabs were collected before and after use of antiseptic agents for all the donors. All the blood products collected from donors with growth in post-antisepsis swabs were cultured. A total of 123 various blood products were cultured irrespective of the method and result of antisepsis was observed. A total of seven patients had mild transfusion reaction. The transfused blood products, blood and urine specimen of the patients who had transfusion reaction were also cultured.Results:Seven donors out of 398 donors had growth in post-antisepsis swab with spirit-10% povidone iodine-spirit protocol and three donors out of 397 donors had growth in post-antisepsis swab with 2% AlcCHG protocol. All blood products collected from donors who had growth in post-antisepsis swabs when cultured had no growth. There was no contamination of blood products.Conclusions:Two percent (w/v) alcoholic chlorhexidine gluconate with two-step protocol can be used as an antiseptic agent for donor arm preparation without considerable cost difference. It is at par with spirit 10% povidone iodine spirit protocol as suggested by FDA in India. There was no reported transfusion associated bacteremia in the study period.

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“…20 Platelets are stored in bags that permit gas exchange and are kept in constant agitation at room temperature (20°C-24-°C ), facilitating bacterial growth. 15,21,22 The rates of bacterial contamination of platelets reported in the literature vary and are affected by the age of the unit, the manufacture method of the unit, 23 and the detection method used; even with increased awareness, bacterial contamination is believed to be underreported. 15 The length of storage directly affects the proliferation of organisms in contaminated units.…”

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confidence: 99%

Impact on Patient Outcome Following Transfusion of Bacterially Contaminated Platelets

Martínez

Tarrand

Lichtiger

2010

American Journal of Clinical Pathology

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This study examined the clinical outcome of every patient who received a bacterially contaminated unit of platelets at The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, during 2007. Samples of platelets were aerobically cultured and read for 1 day at 35 degrees C. Positive bottles were subcultured in the appropriate media. The effect of independent variables in the clinical outcome of patients infused with bacterially contaminated platelet units was analyzed. A total of 23,199 platelet units were transfused, 71 of which were bacterially contaminated units; 8 were apheresis platelets and 63 were whole blood platelets. Of the 71 units, 70 were contaminated with gram-positive bacteria and 1 with gram-negative bacteria. Only 1 patient developed fever, and coagulase-negative staphylococci were isolated from the transfused unit. Transfusion of fresh units and antibiotic therapy possibly explain the lack of clinical consequences in our patients.

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Bacterial Contamination of Cellular Blood Components

Cited by 80 publications

References 40 publications

Serious hazards of transfusion (SHOT) initiative: analysis of the first two annual reports

Serious hazards of transfusion (SHOT) initiative: analysis of the first two annual reports

Prospective evaluation of 2% (w/v) alcoholic chlorhexidine gluconate as an antiseptic agent for blood donor arm preparation

Impact on Patient Outcome Following Transfusion of Bacterially Contaminated Platelets

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