Bacterial contamination on surfaces of public areas in hospitals

Wang, Y.-L.; Chen, W.-C.; Chen, Y.-Y.; Tseng, Sheng-Hong; Chien, Liang-Jung; Wu, Haifan; Chiang, Chuen‐Sheue

doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2009.10.005

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…These results were consistent with findings throughout the study in which several factors had a direct impact on CFU recovery. Other studies support these findings, in which high levels of contamination were found from non-clinical areas [13]. All three surfaces were classified as low risk, which was linked to an increase in contamination (41.08 CFU/plate).…”

supporting

confidence: 59%

Surface sampling within a pediatric ward—how multiple factors affect cleaning efficacy

Rawlinson

Cloutman-Green

Asadi

et al. 2020

American Journal of Infection Control

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To assess the number of organisms present on different surfaces within a clinical environment before and after cleaning has taken place, and to identify the impact of cleaning. Design and Setting Extensive 2-week microbiological environmental monitoring of an entire ward before and after cleaning, within a pediatric hematology-oncology ward comprised of a day unit and outpatients ward. Methods Tryptone soya agar (TSA) contact plates were used to take a total of 1,160 surface samples before and after cleaning from 55 predetermined sites. Samples were taken from representative surfaces throughout the ward, including different materials, surfaces with varying heights, different functions, distance from patients, and both high-touch and infrequently touched surfaces. Results. Surface cleaning has been undertaken within the ward and there is a significant difference between CFU recovered before and after cleaning (P<0.0001). Cleaning produced an average reduction of 68% throughout the ward environment. The corridor was the most contaminated area within the ward. There is a difference in CFU between the different areas within the ward, and these were cleaned with varying efficiency. Surface material, who interacts with the surface, levels of initial contamination, perceived risk and perceived cleanability were all found to have a varying impact on how well cleaning was undertaken. Conclusions. To the authors current knowledge, this is the only study assessing cleaning within a pediatric ward taking samples directly before and after cleaning. The standard of 3 cleaning undertaken within the ward is open for discussion, and these data highlight the need for an improved cleaning intervention, and can provide insight into the multitude of factors that must be considered when designing an effective training protocol.

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supporting

confidence: 59%

Surface sampling within a pediatric ward—how multiple factors affect cleaning efficacy

Rawlinson

Cloutman-Green

Asadi

et al. 2020

American Journal of Infection Control

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“…“Routine cleaning and disinfection is apparently not sufficient.” 36 Detailed investigation of routine processes may reveal weaknesses, in addition to those already discussed, alongside their irreducible intermittency 9 37 In contrast, a photocatalytic surface is continuously active.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Does a Photocatalytic Antimicrobial Coating Affect Environmental Bioburden in Hospitals?

Reid

Whatley

Spooner

et al. 2018

Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.

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BACKGROUND The healthcare environment is recognized as a source for healthcare-acquired infection. Because cleaning practices are often erratic and always intermittent, we hypothesize that continuously antimicrobial surfaces offer superior control of surface bioburden. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of a photocatalytic antimicrobial coating at near-patient, high-touch sites in a hospital ward. SETTING The study took place in 2 acute-care wards in a large acute-care hospital. METHODS A titanium dioxide-based photocatalytic coating was sprayed onto 6 surfaces in a 4-bed bay in a ward and compared under normal illumination against the same surfaces in an untreated ward: right and left bed rails, bed control, bedside locker, overbed table, and bed footboard. Using standardized methods, the overall microbial burden and presence of an indicator pathogen (Staphylococcus aureus) were assessed biweekly for 12 weeks. RESULTS Treated surfaces demonstrated significantly lower microbial burden than control sites, and the difference increased between treated and untreated surfaces during the study. Hygiene failures (>2.5 colony-forming units [CFU]/cm2) increased 2.6% per day for control surfaces (odds ratio [OR], 1.026; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.009-1.043; P=.003) but declined 2.5% per day for treated surfaces (OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.925-0.977; P<.001). We detected no significant difference between coated and control surfaces regarding S. aureus contamination. CONCLUSION Photocatalytic coatings reduced the bioburden of high-risk surfaces in the healthcare environment. Treated surfaces became steadily cleaner, while untreated surfaces accumulated bioburden. This evaluation encourages a larger-scale investigation to ascertain whether the observed environmental amelioration has an effect on healthcare-acquired infection. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;39:398-404.

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“…Environmental factors are known to cause SSI, especially as the surgical site can easily be contaminated with air and water borne microbes. 26 27 This explains why the WHO recommends that operation theatres and delivery rooms should have a positive air pressure control, and a total air change rate of 15 air changes/hr. 28 The WHO also sets a minimum water supply target of 40 - 60 l/ day for every in-patient and 100 l for every deliveries or surgical operation carried out in a hospital.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of hospital infection control policy on the prevalence of surgical site infection in a tertiary hospital in South-South Nigeria

Brisibe

Ordinioha

Gbeneolol³

2015

Niger Med J

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Background:Surgical site infections (SSIs) are a significant cause of morbidity, emotional stress and financial cost to the affected patients and health care institutions; and infection control policy has been shown to reduce the burden of SSIs in several health care institutions. This study assessed the effects of the implementation of the policy on the prevalence of SSI in the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.Patients and Methods:A review of the records of all Caesarean sections carried out in the hospital, before and 2 years after the implementation of the infection control policy was conducted. Data collected include the number and characteristics of the patients that had Caesarean section in the hospital during the period and those that developed SSI while on admission.Results:The proportion of patients with SSI decreased from 13.33% to 10.34%, 2 years after the implementation of the policy (P-value = 0.18). The implementation of the policy did not also result in any statistically significant change in the nature of the wound infection (P-value = 0.230), in the schedule of the operations (P-value = 0.93) and in the other predisposing factors of the infections (P-value = 0.72); except for the significant decrease in the infection rate among the un-booked patients (P-value = 0.032).Conclusion:The implementation of the policy led to a small decrease in SSI, due to the non-implementation of some important aspects of the WHO policy. The introduction of surveillance activities, continuous practice reinforcing communications and environmental sanitation are recommended to further decrease the prevalence of SSI in the hospital.

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Bacterial contamination on surfaces of public areas in hospitals

Cited by 16 publications

References 6 publications

Surface sampling within a pediatric ward—how multiple factors affect cleaning efficacy

Surface sampling within a pediatric ward—how multiple factors affect cleaning efficacy

How Does a Photocatalytic Antimicrobial Coating Affect Environmental Bioburden in Hospitals?

The effect of hospital infection control policy on the prevalence of surgical site infection in a tertiary hospital in South-South Nigeria

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