Bacterial diseases of grapevine

Abstract

Grapevines are affected by three major bacterial diseases worldwide, such as bacterial blight (Xylophilus ampelinus), Pierce’s disease (Xylella fastidiosa) and crown gall (Agrobacterium vitis). These bacteria grow in the vascular system of their host, thus they invade and colonize the whole plant, independently on symptom development. Latently infected propagating material is a major factor in their spreading. Therefore the use of bacteria-free planting stock has a basic importance in viticulture. Today several innovative diagnostic methods, mostly based on polymerase chain reaction, are available to detect and identify bacterial pathogens of grapevines. For production of bacteria-free plants, the use hot water treatment followed by establishment of in vitro shoot tip cultures is proposed.

Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of a Halophyte from the Asturian Coast (Spain): Limonium binervosum (G.E.Sm.) C.E.Salmon

“…X. ampelinus (syn. Xanthomonas ampelina and Erwinia vitivora [ 10 ]), a quarantine A2 organism according to the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO), causes the bacterial necrosis of grapevines (“mal nero” or “maladie d’Oléron”), resulting in yield losses of up to 70% [ 11 ]. E. amylovora , also cataloged as a quarantine organism, causes fire blight, which poses a serious threat to pear and apple production [ 12 ].…”

Physicochemical Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity against Erwinia amylovora, Erwinia vitivora, and Diplodia seriata of a Light Purple Hibiscus syriacus L. Cultivar

“…E . vitivora , which causes bacterial blight of grapevine (the “maladie d’Oléron” or “mal nero”), results in over 70% harvest losses [ 27 ], and its symptoms are often confused with those of “black dead arm” (BDA), caused by Botryosphaeriaceae fungi. Among the latter, D. seriata is one of the most abundant, and affects a wide range of woody hosts, including not only grapevine [ 28 , 29 ], but also apples, causing “Bot canker”, frog-eye leaf spot, and black rot [ 30 , 31 , 32 ].…”

A complex system for the production of pathogen-free grapevine propagating material

“…In the second step cuttings were shooted and in vitro shoot tip cultures were established using 1-2 mm shoot tips. The shoot tip culture (STC) is necessary to perform to completely eliminate bacterial (Szegedi & Civerolo 2011) and fungal infections. Using this method we successfully established sterile cultures from 24 of the 26 varieties/clones.…”

“…D., Lázár, J., Szegedi, E., Varga, G., Nagy, B. & Hajdu, E. In vitro shoot tip cultures were established on halfstrenght Murashige-Skoog medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l benzyl-adenine from shoots started from hot water treated canes (Szegedi & Civerolo 2011). Their sterile status was first tested by conventional microbiological techniques, by inoculating stem extracts onto appropriate bacterial and fungal media.…”