Bacterial Epibionts of Diaptomid Copepods

Bacterial attachment to the epipelagic copepod Acartia and the bathypelagic copepod Calanus.

“…In some samples from Tokyo Bay waters one hundred percent of adult copepods were colonized by bacteria (Nagasawa, 1986b). Similar results have been reported for adults of Diaptomus nevadensis in Goose Lake, Nebraska and those of D, siciloides in Branched Oak Lake, Nebraska (Holland and Hergenrader, 1981). Thus, high incidences of copepods with bacteria occur occasionally and in different areas.…”

Evidence of a mutualistic relationship between an algal epibiont and its host, Daphnia pulicaria

“…On the other hand, it has also been reported that there is little or no effect on host reproduction (Allen et al 1993; Willey 1993), respiration (Ikeda 1977;Allen et al 1993), excretion (Ikeda 1977, or molting rate (Weissman et al 1993). Finally, several studies suggested possible benefits for the hosts from the epibiont cleaning up the host surface (Holland and Hergenrader 1981), from epibiont excretion of specific nutrients (Holland and Hergenrader 1981), and from the host feeding on its epibiont (Green 1974;Van Dover et al 1988;Threlkeld and Willey 1993;Al-Dhaheri and Willey 1996). Field and experimental evidence of this last possibility has only recently been obtained (Bartlett and Willey 1998; Poltz et al 1998).…”

“…In addition to the advantage of substrate availability for growth and reproduction, epibionts are assumed to derive benefits from interaction with the host through access to light and nutrient availability zones (Green 1974;Kankaala and Eloranta 1987) and through nutrient supply from the host's excreta, feeding current, and exoskeleton (Ikeda 1977;Holland and Hergenrader 1981;Nagasawa 1987;Wahl 1989). On the other hand, the epibiont must deal with the ephemerality and dispersion of its habitat Threlkeld et al 1993) and with possible losses due to host predation (Bartlett and Willey 1998).…”

Seasonal variation of microcrustaceans and microbial flora on their surface in the overlying water of a Japanese paddy field

“…Much concern has been paid on microorganisms colonizing the surface of micro crustaceans (Green 1974;Nagasawa 1989). Bacteria associated with the surface of copepods, one of the groups of micro crustaceans commonly observed in aquatic environments, have been studied using samples obtained from the sea and lakes (Holland and Hergenrader 1981;Nagasawa 1989).…”