Bacterial etiology, antimicrobial resistance and factors associated with community acquired pneumonia among adult hospitalized patients in Southwest Ethiopia

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Antibiotic resistance is a significant problem that restricts the options for treating bacterial pneumonia. This research aimed to determine the bacterial causes of pneumonia and antibiotic resistance among hospitalized patients in southwest Ethiopia.
 Materials and Methods: We collected and analyzed 150 sputum samples from individuals with community-acquired pneu- monia from April 1st to October 30th, 2019. Standard bacteriological procedures were used to identify the bacteria. Kirby Bauer's disk diffusion method was used to assess the bacteria's susceptibility patterns. Production of carbapenemase and extended-spectrum-lactamase were confirmed phenotypically. Odds ratios and the chi-square test were computed.
 Results: On the whole, bacterial pathogens were verified in 50% of the sputum samples. The predominant bacterial isolates were Klebsiella species, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. About 77.5% of isolates were multidrug resistant. Moreover, 40.5% and 10.8% of the isolates were ESBL and carbapene- mase producers, respectively. Aging, tobacco smoking, previous history of pneumonia, heart disease, and chronic respiratory disease had association with sputum culture-positivity.
 Conclusion: As a result, it is important to regularly monitor the bacterial etiologies and their patterns of resistance. Addition- ally, sociodemographic and clinical characteristics should all be taken into account while managing patients with pneumonia empirically in this context.

Isolation and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Bacterial Pathogens from Community‐Acquired Pneumonia at Adama Hospital Medical College, Adama, Ethiopia

“…In the present study, bacterial isolates were identified in 31.7% of the CAP patients, which is lower than the findings reported elsewhere in Ethiopia: Dessie town, Northeastern Ethiopia, 46.3% [ 26 ]; Gondar, Northwestern Ethiopia, 39.4% [ 27 ]; and Jimma town, Southwestern Ethiopia, 50.0% [ 28 ]. One possible reason for the lower level of bacterial isolates compared to the previous studies conducted in Ethiopia may be attributed to the widespread usage of antibiotics before presentation to the hospital, as 16.3% of the participants in this study had a history of prior antibiotic intake.…”

“…This finding is consistent with studies conducted in Uganda, where Moraxella species were found to be more prevalent [ 34 ] and retrospective observational cohort study conducted in Vienna, Austria [ 35 ], where S. aureus was the predominant isolate. However, the findings of this study was in variation with the findings conducted in Jimma town, Southwestern Ethiopia [ 28 ] where K. pneumonia and P. aeruginosa were the most frequent isolates followed by other species. The predominant M. catarrhalis in this finding showed the significant emergency of this pathogen as an etiology of pneumonia in recent years [ 36 ].…”