Bacterial flora of the urinary tract of pigs associated with cystitis and pyelonephritis

Carr, J. G.; Walton, John

doi:10.1136/vr.132.23.575

Cited by 25 publications

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“…Carr & Walton (1992) and Meister (2006) obtained similar results and found the E. coli bacteria as being the most frequent agent among the urine samples evaluated, with 90.38% and 70.45%, respectively. These findings corroborate various other studies that have also found E. coli as the most frequent bacteria in UTI cases in sows (Reis et al 1992, Carr et al 1995, Menin et al 2008.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Precisão da tira reagente e do exame microscópico da urina no diagnóstico de infecções do trato urinário em porcas

et al. 2013

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ABSTRACT.-Mazutti K., Locatelli-Dittrich R., Lunardon I., Kuchiishi S.S., Lara A.C., Zotti E. & Alberton G.C. 2013. Evaluation of the reagent test strips and microscopic examination of urine in the diagnosis of urinary tract infection in sows. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 33(9):1103-1108. Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Escola de Ciências Agrárias e Medicina Veterinária, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Campus Curitiba, Rua Imaculada Conceição 1155, Prado Velho, Curitiba, PR 80215-901, Brazil. E-mail: kelly.mazutti@pucpr.brThe diagnosis of the urinary tract infection (UTI) in sows is usually performed by using reagent test strips, since it is a fast and practical method, and capable of being done at the farm. The microscopic examination of the urine is rarely used at the farm since it is a more time consuming and difficult technique. However, there are no studies on the accuracy of those two techniques for the UTI diagnosis on this species. This study aims to assess the accuracy of the reagent test strip and the urine microscopic examination in the diagnosis of ITU in sows, comparing them with the bacteriological examination of urine. In order to select the sows for this study, a chemical reagent test strip was carried out previously and a total of 139 sows were selected, 66 sows of which showed positivity to nitrite in the reagent test strip and 73 without nitrituria. Then, the next day, a new sample collection for performing a complete urinalysis was carried out from those 139 sows, which included physical, chemical, microscopic and microbiological examination of these urine samples. The results revealed that the nitrite test of the reagent strip showed 100% of specificity and 93% of sensitivity. The specificity of the microscopic examination for bacteriuria was 82% and the sensitivity was 100%. The UTI diagnosis by using reagent strips and/or the urine sediment test is reliable if compared to the urine bacteriological examination, which makes possible the rapid diagnosis of UTI in sows at the farm. RESUMO.-[Precisão da tira reagente e do exame microscópico da urina no diagnóstico de infecções do trato urinário em porcas.] O diagnóstico de infecção do trato urinário (ITU) em porcas geralmente é feito com o auxílio de tiras reagentes, por ser um método rápido, prático e passível de ser realizado na própria granja. O exame microscópico da urina raramente é utilizado em granjas por ser uma técnica mais demorada e trabalhosa. No entanto, não existem estudos sobre a precisão destas duas técni-cas no diagnóstico de ITU nesta espécie. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a precisão da tira reagente e do exame microscópico da urina no diagnóstico de ITU em porcas, comparando-os com o exame bacteriológico da urina. Para selecionar as porcas que iriam compor o estudo foi realizado um exame químico prévio com tira reagente, do qual foram selecionadas 139 porcas, 66 positivas para nitrito na tira reagente e 73 negativas. No dia seguinte foi realizada uma nova coleta de urina destas 139 porcas para realização d...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Precisão da tira reagente e do exame microscópico da urina no diagnóstico de infecções do trato urinário em porcas

et al. 2013

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“…As reported elsewhere, the urinary tract can be colonised by both specific (ie, A suis ) and non-specific bacteria (eg, E coli , Streptococcus species, Staphylococcus species and Enterococcus species) (Carr and Walton 1993). The lack of isolation of specific bacteria, such as A suis in our study, can be attributed mainly to the use of artificial insemination on Italian farms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Urinary tract infections in sows in Italy: accuracy of urinalysis and urine culture against histological findings

et al. 2013

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In order to investigate the prevalence of urinary tract infections (UTI) in sow, lower urinary tract (LUT), kidney and urine samples were collected at slaughterhouse from 65 multiparous culled sows. Histopathology was performed on urethra, urinary bladder and -kidney sections. Urine collected by cystocentesis was analysed for physical and biochemical parameters, in addition to microscopic examination of the sediment and quantitative culture ( > 10(5) CFU/ml urine). The diagnostic accuracy of urinalysis and urine culture was calculated for the parameters that correlated with histological diagnosis: bilateral chronic lesions were found in 54 per cent of kidney samples and diffuse/multifocal lymphoplasmacytic infiltration of the submucosa in 53 per cent of the bladder and 68 per cent of the urethra samples. In 49 per cent of cases, the co-occurrence of bladder and urethra lesions was statistically significant (P < 0.009). Turbid urine (80 per cent sensitivity, 50 per cent specificity), > 5 white blood cells per high-power field (34 per cent sensitivity, 90 per cent specificity), intracellular or free bacteria (43 per cent sensitivity, 90 per cent specificity), and urine culture (49 per cent sensitivity, 97 per cent specificity) correlated with a finding of histopathological changes in the bladder. UTI appears to be common in culled sows in northern Italy. Compared with histopathology, urinalysis and urine culture showed low sensitivity but high specificity in detecting UTI.

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“…E. coli is one of the most commonly isolated bacteria from sows with pyelonephritis [1,14,17,18], whereas the corresponding bacterial flora of slaughtered finishing pigs has not been thoroughly investigated. However, the role of E. coli can be discussed as Actinobaculum suis , a specific urinary pathogen, is commonly demonstrated in co-infection with E. coli [1,14,17,18] and as the isolation of E. coli from urinary tract tissues may be the result of contamination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the role of E. coli can be discussed as Actinobaculum suis , a specific urinary pathogen, is commonly demonstrated in co-infection with E. coli [1,14,17,18] and as the isolation of E. coli from urinary tract tissues may be the result of contamination. To our knowledge no studies have visualized E. coli directly in relation to renal lesions, and very few researchers have made concurrent bacteriological and pathological studies, which would otherwise improve the aetiological diagnose.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyelonephritis in slaughter pigs and sows: Morphological characterization and aspects of pathogenesis and aetiology

Isling

Aalbæk

Schrøder³

et al. 2010

Acta Vet Scand

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BackgroundPyelonephritis is a serious disease in pig production that needs to be further studied. The purpose of this study was to describe the morphology, investigate the pathogenesis, and evaluate the aetiological role of Escherichia coli in pyelonephritis in slaughtered pigs by concurrent bacteriological, gross and histopathological examinations.MethodsFrom Danish abattoirs, kidneys and corresponding lymph nodes from 22 slaughtered finishing pigs and 26 slaughtered sows with pyelonephritis were collected and evaluated by bacteriology and pathology. Based on gross lesions, each kidney (lesion) was grouped as acute, chronic, chronic active, or normal and their histological inflammatory stage was determined as normal (0), acute (1), sub-acute (2), chronic active (3), or chronic (4). Immunohistochemical identification of neutrophils, macrophages, T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, plasma cells, E. coli and Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) in renal sections was performed. The number of E. coli and the proportion of immunohistochemically visualized leukocytes out of the total number of infiltrating leukocytes were scored semi-quantitatively.ResultsLesions in finishing pigs and sows were similar. Macroscopically, multiple unevenly distributed foci of inflammation mostly affecting the renal poles were observed. Histologically, tubulointerstitial infiltration with neutrophils and mononuclear cells and tubular destruction was the main findings. The significant highest scores of L1 antigen+ neutrophils were in inflammatory stage 1 while the significant highest scores of CD79αcy+ B-lymphocytes, IgG+ and IgA+ plasma cells were in stage 3 or 4. Neutrophils were the dominant leukocytes in stage 1 while CD3ε+ T-lymphocytes dominated in stage 2, 3 and 4. Interstitially THP was seen in 82% and 98% of kidneys with pyelonephritis from finishing pigs and sows, respectively. E. coli was demonstrated in monoculture and/or identified by immunohistochemistry in relation to inflammation in four kidneys from finishing pigs and in 34 kidneys from sows.ConclusionsE. coli played a significant role in the aetiology of pyelonephritis. Neutrophils were involved in the first line of defence. CD3ε+ T-lymphocytes were involved in both the acute and chronic inflammatory response while a humoral immune response was most pronounced in later inflammatory stages. The observed renal lesions correspond with an ascending bacterial infection with presence of intra-renal reflux.

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Bacterial flora of the urinary tract of pigs associated with cystitis and pyelonephritis

Cited by 25 publications

References 0 publications

Precisão da tira reagente e do exame microscópico da urina no diagnóstico de infecções do trato urinário em porcas

Precisão da tira reagente e do exame microscópico da urina no diagnóstico de infecções do trato urinário em porcas

Urinary tract infections in sows in Italy: accuracy of urinalysis and urine culture against histological findings

Pyelonephritis in slaughter pigs and sows: Morphological characterization and aspects of pathogenesis and aetiology

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