Bacterial Infections of the Lower Respiratory Tract

Read, Robert C.

doi:10.1002/9780470688618.taw0024

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 202 publications

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“…31 Enterococci can cause pneumonia in elderly, debilitated patients with multiple chronic problems and here also similar result was found as all Enterococci were isolated from inpatients of age >50 years (data not shown). 32 A total of 102 K. pneumoniae (19.1%) were isolated which constituted the second major Gram-negative bacteria. The majority of the isolates (55.9%) were diagnosed in patients >50 years age group.…”

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confidence: 99%

Recent trend of bacterial aetiology of lower respiratory tract infection in a tertiary care centre of Nepal

Mishra

Kattel

Acharya

et al. 2012

Int J Infection & Microbiol

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INTRODUCTION:Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are among the most common infectious diseases of humans. This study focused on determining the recent trend of bacterial aetiology of LRTIs among the patients attending Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH) in Kathmandu. MATERIALS AND METHODS:This was a prospective study conducted over a period of six months in the bacteriology laboratory of TUTH. A total of 1120 specimens representing lower respiratory tract were received from patients with suspected LRTIs. The specimens were collected and processed according to standard methodology. RESULTS:Respiratory pathogens were recovered from 44.4% cases (n=497). Gram-negative bacteria were recovered in 84.1% (n=488). Bacteria were more commonly recovered from endotracheal secretion (41/61, 67.2%) than in sputum (454/1039, 43.7%) and bronchial washing (2/20, 10%). Ninety-one percent (n=454) growth was monomicrobial while the rest accounted for mixed growth. Among the organisms isolated, Haemophilus influenzae (112, 21%) was the most predominant pathogen followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (102, 19.1%), Pseudomonads (91, 17.1%), Acinetobacter baumannii calcoaceticus complex (60, 10.9%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (46, 8.6%), Escherichia coli (37, 6.9%).CONCLUSIONS: H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae were the most common Gram-negative and Grampositive bacterial isolates recovered, respectively from LRTIs urging for monitoring and surveillance of these pathogens.

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confidence: 99%

Recent trend of bacterial aetiology of lower respiratory tract infection in a tertiary care centre of Nepal

Mishra

Kattel

Acharya

et al. 2012

Int J Infection & Microbiol

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“…Infection rates are twice as high in large teaching hospitals as compared with smaller institutions. 6 Different scoring systems are available to assess the severity of patients admitted in ICU. Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II& III Score, Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score (CPIS), Sequential organ failure assessment score (SOFA) are few of them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A prospective study on clinical profile, severity, microbiology, and outcome of patients with ventilator associated infective complications admitted in intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital

Sen,

Ramasubban

2024

IJIRM

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: Mechanical ventilation epitomizes intensive care medicine. Ventilator‑associated complications are mainly Ventilator associated respiratory infections (VARI); These are a major cause of concern in the intensive care units (ICUs) worldwide, especially in developing countries. VARI includes patients with ventilator‑associated tracheobronchitis (VAT) and ventilator‑associated pneumonia (VAP).The clinical profile, severity, microbiology, and outcomes of such infections is not well described in Eastern India. The primary objective of the study was to study the risk factors, severity scoring, microbiological profile and 28 days outcome of patients admitted in intensive care unit of our hospital.Secondary objective of our study was to find out any correlation between risk factors, severity scoring, microbiological profile, and outcome of patients with VAT and VAP admitted in intensive care unit of our hospital.: This was a prospective observational study done in the ICU of a tertiary care centre in eastern India. A total 50 patients of clinically, microbiologically and/or radiologically diagnosed case of VAP and VAT were included in the study. A structured data collection proforma was prepared and data collection was done. Raw data was tabulated and analysed: 66% of our patients were male, Smoking was the commonest addiction(24%), VARI developed early with 17% on Day 3, 72% developed VARI within 5 days of ventilation. 16% had history of recent admission, Diabetes and hypertension were the commonest comorbidities. 58% of the patients developed VAP, the median SOFA score in VAP was 6 also similar in VAT. Patients with neurological diseases had the maximum number of VAT and VAP. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the commonest organism causing VAT (42%) while Acinetobacter Baumanii was commonest to cause VAP (44%). 51% of VAP patients were on volume control mode, while it was 52% of VAT patients. Most isolates are MDR pathogens with intermediate sensitivity to Polymyxin being most common (66%) 1 isolate was pan resistant. Mortality was 58% for VAP and 19% in VAT. Both Klebsiella and Acinetobacter accounts for 41% death in VAP group, in VAT group Klebsiella was commonest however no statistical significance with other organism.: Gram negative bacteria were the predominant cause of VAT and VAP, Acinetobacter and Klebsiella are the commonest organisms. Most Isolates are MDR with intermediate sensitivity to Polymyxins. Median SOFA scores were the same in both. Mortality was high in VAP group. Volume control mode was predominant mode of ventilation, Neurological causes was predominant cause that leads to ventilation and subsequent VARI.

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“…4 Intubated patients may have rates of pneumonia 7 to 21-fold higher than patients without a respiratory therapy device. 5 Infection rates are twice as high in large teaching hospitals as compared with smaller institutions. 5 HAP results in a significant increase in the cost of care of hospitalized patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 Infection rates are twice as high in large teaching hospitals as compared with smaller institutions. 5 HAP results in a significant increase in the cost of care of hospitalized patients. 4 Its development prolongs a patient's stay in the ICU 4,6 and most of the extra cost is due to an increased length of hospital stay.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical profile of hospital acquired pneumonia in a tertiary care hospital, South India

Vasuki¹

2016

Int J Res Med Sci

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Background: Hospital acquired infections continue to be an important cause of morbidity and mortality among hospitalized patients. Hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) results in a significant increase in the cost of care of hospitalized patients. Its development prolongs a patient's stay in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Accurate information concerning the clinical profile of HAP is lacking in South India. This study was conducted prospectively to evaluate the clinical profile of HAP in ICU patients. Methods: This prospective study was conducted over a period of one year among 2454 patients admitted in IMCU of Coimbatore Medical College & Hospital, Tamil Nadu. The specimens' sputum, bronchoscopic alveolar lavage (BAL) and endotracheal aspirate (ETA) were collected for microbiological confirmation and processed using standard laboratory techniques. Results: Out of 2454 cases, 253 (10.3%) patients developed HAP. The incidence of HAP was higher (55.73%) in the age group more than 60 years. Out of 1352 patients on mechanical ventilation, 62.0% of patients (n=157) developed HAP. Conclusions: This study provides an insight into the incidence of HAP with the occurrence being most in the age group more than 60 years. Our study also highlights that mechanical ventilation was an important risk factor for the development of HAP.

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Bacterial Infections of the Lower Respiratory Tract

Cited by 3 publications

References 202 publications

Recent trend of bacterial aetiology of lower respiratory tract infection in a tertiary care centre of Nepal

Recent trend of bacterial aetiology of lower respiratory tract infection in a tertiary care centre of Nepal

A prospective study on clinical profile, severity, microbiology, and outcome of patients with ventilator associated infective complications admitted in intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital

Clinical profile of hospital acquired pneumonia in a tertiary care hospital, South India

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