Bacterial Intestinal Superinfections in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Beyond Clostridum difficile

Lobatón, Triana; Domènech, Eugeni

doi:10.1097/mib.0000000000000788

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…A role for Aeromonas as a trigger to IBD flare was previously reported in a patient diagnosed with mild ulcerative proctitis, who presented a severe colitis refractory to steroid therapy with favorable evolution under antibiotic therapy directed to the isolated Aeromonas [ 16 ]. On the other hand, other reports had postulated a putative role of Aeromonas infection for the development of de novo IBD diagnosis [ 7 , 12 ]. It remains under discussion if the infection prompts IBD development or naturally unmasks an underlying disease with previous subclinical activity.…”

Section: Discussion/conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the ultimate cause of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is still unknown, there are many components interacting in its network of pathogenic mechanisms like environmental factors, genetic susceptibility, dysregulated immune response, and microbiological factors [ 9 , 10 ]. Regarding the latter, both alterations in intestinal microbiota and infections by external agents might play a role in IBD onset and its flares [ 11 , 12 ]. Dysbiosis can also result from commensal flora that, although normal in speciation, possess more subtle virulence factors such as enteroadherence, or the lack of diversity of the fecal microbiome [ 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Positioning Aeromonas Infection in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Retrospective Analysis

Guedes

Silva

Neves

et al. 2021

GE Port J Gastroenterol

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Background and Aim: Aeromonas are Gram-negative rods known to cause a spectrum of diseases. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an idiopathic complex condition resulting from interaction of multiple factors. Aeromonas infection in association with IBD is still largely unknown. We aim to look for the significance of Aeromonas infection and for significant differences between IBD and non-IBD patients. Methods: A retrospective observational analysis was performed of all patients positive for Aeromonas in stool cultures, during a 10-year period, from a tertiary and university hospital. Results: Fifty patients were included, 56% male with a mean age of 42.1 years. Thirty-eight (76%) were non-IBD and 12 (24%) IBD patients. IBD patients were more frequently under immunosuppressors. Two patients were asymptomatic and 44% developed mild, 44% moderate, and 16.7% severe infection. The main strains isolated were Aeromonas hydrophila/caviae. Bacterial co-isolation was found in 4 non-IBD and histological findings of cytomegalovirus in 2 IBD patients. Non-IBD patients presented more frequently with fever and IBD patients with bloody diarrhea and abdominal pain. There was higher tendency for severe infection rate in IBD patients with higher antimicrobial therapy use. Steroids were exclusively used in the IBD group. From IBD, 4 patients had the diagnosis of ulcerative colitis and 9 of Crohn’s disease with colonic involvement. Of these patients, 5 received IBD diagnosis after the acute episode of Aeromonas infection. Conclusions: Clinical presentation of Aeromonas infection differs between IBD and non-IBD patients. Non-IBD patients had milder severity of infection with less use of antibiotics. Aeromonas infection seems to greatly contribute to IBD manifestation.

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Section: Discussion/conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positioning Aeromonas Infection in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Retrospective Analysis

Guedes

Silva

Neves

et al. 2021

GE Port J Gastroenterol

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“…Clostridium is a commensal microbiota that can colonize the gastric tract with H. pylori (Lertpiriyapong et al., 2014). Some Clostridium species, such as Clostridium difficile , an opportunistic pathogen, may be related to inflammatory bowel diseases (Lobatón & Domènech, 2016). In addition, The Lactobacillus order was present in the PFA group based on the LEfSe analysis (Figure S4), which is a common probiotic bacteria, that regulates intestinal flora, enhances immunity, protects gastric mucosa, improves intestinal function, promotes laxation, promotes digestion and has antidiarrhea, anti‐tumor, and antioxidant effects (de Vos et al., 2017).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive quality evaluation of fermented‐steaming Fructus Aurantii based on chemical composition, flavor characteristics, and intestinal microbial community

Xu,

Li,

Yang

et al. 2024

Journal of Food Science

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Fructus Aurantii (FA) is an edible and medicinal functional food used worldwide that enhances digestion. Since raw FA (RFA) possesses certain side effects for some patients, processed FA (PFA) is commonly used in clinical practice. This study aimed to establish an objective and comprehensive quality evaluation of the PFA that employed the technique of steaming and fermentation. Combined with the volatile and non‐volatile components, as well as the regulation of gut microbiota, the differentiation between RFA and PFA was analyzed. The results showed that the PFA considerably reduced the contents of flavonoid glycosides while increasing hesperidin‐7‐O‐glucoside and flavonoid aglycones. The electronic nose and GC‐MS (Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry) effectively detected the variation in flavor between RFA and PFA. Correlation analysis revealed that eight volatile components (relative odor activity value [ROAV] ≥ 0.1) played a key role in inducing odor modifications. The original floral and woody notes were subdued due to decreased levels of linalool, sabinene, α‐terpineol, and terpinen‐4‐ol. After processing, more delightful flavors such as lemon and fruity aromas were acquired. Furthermore, gut microbiota analysis indicated a significant increase in beneficial microbial taxa. Particularly, Lactobacillus, Akkermansia, and Blautia exhibited higher abundance following PFA treatment. Conversely, a lower presence of pathogenic bacteria, including Proteobacteria, Flexispira, and Clostridium. This strategy contributes to a comprehensive analysis technique for the quality assessment of FA, providing scientific justifications for processing FA into high‐value products with enhanced health benefits.Practical ApplicationThis study provided an efficient approach to Fructus Aurantii quality evaluation. The methods of fermentation and steaming showed improved quality and safety.

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“…Gastrointestinal infections are commonly implicated in relapse (flares) of already established IBD (Table 2). [83][84][85][86][87][88] There is considerable overlap between the clinical presentation of enteric infection and IBD flare, suggesting that these conditions may be mutually exclusive or co-exist, further complicating interpretation and causal determination. Current clinical guidelines recommend testing for C. difficile in all patients with IBD who have worsening or new onset diarrhea and testing for CMV in patients with severe active IBD, particularly if there is concomitant steroid use and disease refractory to medical therapy.…”

Section: Gastrointestinal Pathogens In Relapse Of Ibdmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of gastrointestinal pathogens in inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review

Axelrad¹,

Cadwell

Colombel

et al. 2021

Therap Adv Gastroenterol

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The inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), comprising Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are chronic, progressive, inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract. Imbalance in the gut microbial community, or dysbiosis, and the subsequent immune response, represent the critical relationship between genetic susceptibility, microbes, and environment factors, that result in IBD. Gastrointestinal pathogens – a common cause of dysbiosis – have been implicated as an environmental trigger in new onset IBD, as well as flare of existing IBD. In this article, we systematically review clinical data regarding the association between specific gastrointestinal pathogens and IBD. Numerous bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites have been implicated in the pathogenesis of IBD, and exacerbations of existing disease. In this article, we will also specifically discuss the less recognized microbes that have an inverse association with IBD, including certain bacterial pathogens, such as Helicobacter pylori, and parasites, such as Trichuris species. Future prospective and experimental studies are required to establish causality and clarify potential mechanisms of enteric pathogens in modifying the risk and course of IBD.

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Bacterial Intestinal Superinfections in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Beyond Clostridum difficile

Cited by 14 publications

References 87 publications

Positioning Aeromonas Infection in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Retrospective Analysis

Positioning Aeromonas Infection in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Retrospective Analysis

Comprehensive quality evaluation of fermented‐steaming Fructus Aurantii based on chemical composition, flavor characteristics, and intestinal microbial community

The role of gastrointestinal pathogens in inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review

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