Bacterial isolates from CSF sample and their antimicrobial resistance patters in among under-five children suspected for meningitis in Dilla University Referral Hospital

Abstract

Introduction: Bacterial meningitis is medical emergency that requires immediate medical attention. It is a cause of an estimated 288, 649 deaths worldwide per year, of which 94 883 death occur among Under-five children. Up to 24% of the survivors suffer from long-term sequelae such as epilepsy, mental retardation, or sensorineural deafness especially when the disease is contracted during early childhood.Objective: the aim of this study was to assess bacterial isolates of CSF sample and their antimicrobial resistance patterns among under-five children in Dilla University Referral Hospital. Material and Methods:Hospital based cross-sectional study design was used to collect clinical data and CSF sample from under-five children who was suspected for meningitis. Sediment of CSF sample was inoculated to Blood Agar plate, Chocolate Agar plate and Mackonkey Agar for bacterial isolation and identification. Chemical analysis and cytological analysis was also conducted based on standard operating procedures.Results: From a total of 287 CSF sample cultured, causative bacteria were detected in 38 (13.2%). From culture positive cases the most frequent isolate was Streptococcus pneumoniae 13 (34.2%) followed by Staphylococcus aureas 7 (18.4%), Neisseria meningitidis 6 (16%) and Escherichia coli 6 (16%). Haemophilus influenzae b was isolated in 4 (10.5%) of children with meningitis. The other cause of meningitis was Streptococcus agalactiae which accounted (10.5%). Cryptococcus neoformans have been detected in 4 (1.9%) cases of meningitis. Of all bacterial isolates about 42.1% (16/38) bacterial isolates were multidrug resistant. About 38.5% of S. pneumoniae was multidrug resistance while about 33.3% N. meningitis, 50% of H. influenzae, 57.1% of S. aureas and 40% of E. coli showed multidrug resistance Conclusions: High prevalence of bacterial meningitis and high rate of drug resistance were observed. S. pneumoniae was the leading cause of bacterial meningitis among under-five children.

In Hospital Death among under Five Years Children Hospitalized with Meningitis in the Eastern of the Democratic Republic of Congo

“…A high number of patients, 142 (56.6) were seen during the rainy season and in Rural. Similar result has been described in Southern Ethiopia by Dilla (58.9%) [22] and Hailemariam Abiy in Northwest Ethiopia (56.6%). When in the sub-Saharan region the prevalence was tight higher compere to our results (68.0%) [25].…”

“…Throughout the study period, we come out with a prevalence of a total of 251 Open Journal of Pediatrics patients (18.1%) aged 1 to 59 months old with suspected bacterial meningitis among the 1386 hospitalized children, which looks lower compare to a study done in Benin in 2016 that found a 24% frequency of meningitis in children under 5 years old [21]. In Ethiopia, Dilla find the overall prevalence of meningitis among under-five children of 13.2% that similar to our finding [22]. This can be related to demographic distribution of the disease and the on going prevention program in the different country.…”