Bacterial Keratitis - Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

Janumala, Hadassah; Sehgal, Praveen Kumar; Mandal, Asit Baran

doi:10.5772/34599

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Another study concluded that S. aureus are the most common bacterial pathogens isolated in keratitis (Kaliamurthy et al, 2013). This may be due to inter-population variations and environmental dissimilarities in different countries (Janumala et al, 2012). The most common infection of lacrimal apparatus is dacryocystitis (Ramesh et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

External ocular bacterial infections among Sudanese children at Khartoum State, Sudan

Mohager¹,

Kaddam²,

Mohager³

2016

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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Ocular infections are widespread and they exert heavy burden on eye health. Virtually, any eye component can be infected by a diversity of bacteria. The present study was performed to determine the prevalence of external ocular bacterial infections and to find out antibiotic susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates at eye care hospitals in Khartoum, Sudan. Two hundred and four corneal scrape and drained pus materials were received from infected eyes with clinical diagnoses of bacterial conjunctivitis, keratoconjunctivitis, keratitis, blepharo-conjunctivitis, blepharitis, dacryo-cystitis and eye abscess. Culture, microscopy with Gram's stain of both samples, bacterial colonies and biochemical tests were carried out. Antibiotic susceptibility analysis using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion test and standard table of antibiotic susceptibility was performed. Out of 204 samples processed, 130 (63.7%) yielded bacterial growth. The most prevalent bacterial eye infection was conjunctivitis (59.2%). Of all the isolates, 75 (57.7%) were Gram's positive and 55 (42.3%) were Gram's negative. Coagulase positive Staphylococcus aureus were the most prevalent, 39 (30%) followed by Streptococcus pneumonia 31 (23.8%), Haemophilus influenzae 22 (16.9%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 13 (10%) and Neisseria gonorrheae 10 (7.7%). Gram positive bacteria were highly sensitive to vancomycin (95%), followed by chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin (91%) and ceftriaxone (84%), while the majority were resistant to penicillin (72%). Gram-negative organisms were highly susceptible to amikacin (92.7%) followed by ceftriaxone (87.3%) and ciprofloxacin (78.2%). Major resistance was towards cotrimoxazole (82%) and ampicillin (73%).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

External ocular bacterial infections among Sudanese children at Khartoum State, Sudan

Mohager¹,

Kaddam²,

Mohager³

2016

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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“…This causes the production of exotoxin A, which leads to necrosis of the tissue, resulting in corneal ulceration. 17,29,30 The organisms implicated in dacryocystitis were S. aureus and S. pneumonia, which accounted for 40% each, followed by S. haemolyticus, accounting for 20% of the isolates identified. This supports previous studies where S. aureus and S. pneumonia were both implicated in equal proportion as the most predominant causes of dacryocystitis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causes of Bacterial and Fungal External Eye Infections and Their Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns Among Children in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria

Mary

Chukwudi

Adele

2023

Int J Health Sci Res

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This study is a cross-sectional survey to isolate and identify the causes of bacterial and fungal external eye infections among children in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. It also considered the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the organisms identified. Ocular samples of the discharge and corneal scrapings were collected from infected eyes of 460 children included in the study. Culture and microscopy with gram staining of samples, biochemical tests were used for the identification of bacterial and fungal colonies. Susceptibility tests were also carried out to ascertain the susceptibility pattern of the organisms. Statistical analysis was done with the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS), version 20.1,using chi-square, analysis of variance (ANOVA), correlation test and simple percentage. P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Out of the ocular samples collected, 132(14%) yielded positive culture growth. Of this number, 126 (95.5%) yielded bacterial growth, while 6(4.55%) yielded fungal growth. Among the bacterial isolates, gram positive bacteria were the most prevalent (88.1%). Coagulase negative staphylococcus aureus was the predominant isolate (34.8%) causing bacterial eye infections, followed by staphylococcus aureus (22.73%). Aspergillus sp. was the common cause of fungal infections on the cornea. Ceftriaxone had the highest susceptibility effect on all bacterial isolates (96%), followed by vancomycin (95.6%). Gram positive isolates were highly sensitive to ceftriaxone and ofloxacin (95.4% each), clindamycin (91.5%) and vancomycin (90.8%) while gram negative isolates were totally sensitive to ciprofloxacin (100%) and highly sensitive to clindamycin and ceftriaxone (97.4% each). Key words: Bacteria, Fungi, External eye, Isolation, Antibiotics, Susceptibility.

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“…Начало патологического процесса в роговице обычно связано с повреждением интактного слоя ее эпителия, а также структуры и состава слезной пленки. Эти нарушения облегчают попадание микроорганизмов в строму, хотя высоковирулентные бактерии способны проникать и через неповрежденный эпителий роговицы (например, Neisseria gonorrhoeae) [14]. Микробы, как правило, в своем составе содержат адгезины -специфические макромолекулярные комплексы микробных клеток, входящие в состав бактериальных фимбрий (нитевидных выростов) или поверхностных структур клеточной стенки, с помощью которых они фиксируются к клеткам роговицы хозяина.…”

Section: патофизиологияunclassified

“…Диффузия продуктов воспаления (включая цитокины) приводит к проникновению воспалительных клеток в переднюю камеру и образованию гипопиона. Кроме того, при инфекции роговицы могут продуцироваться бактериальные токсины и ферменты (включая эластазу и щелочную протеазу), способствующие ее разрушению [14]. В случаях тяжелого воспаления глубокая язва и стромальный абсцесс могут сливаться, приводить к истончению роговицы и отторжению инфицированной стромы, завершаясь в лучшем случае формированием роговичной лейкомы или неправильного астигматизма, в худшем -эндофтальмитом или перфорацией роговицы.…”

Section: патофизиологияunclassified

Bacterial Keratitis. Part 1. Epidemiology, Etiology, Pathophysiology, Risk Factors, Clinic, Current Aspects of Diagnosis

et al. 2023

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Bacterial keratitis is an urgent problem in ophthalmology, representing a threatening condition for the anatomy and function of the eyeball. The disease is widespread and varies significantly depending on the geographical region, even within the same country. The BC clinic is well-known, has been studied in sufficient detail, but in real practice it often causes significant difficulties in diagnosis, since it largely resembles a keratitis clinic of another etiology. A significant role in the differential diagnosis of these diseases is played by laboratory tests, which are not always available and easy to perform and implement. The results of the bacteriological analysis have a delayed period, which may be critical for determining the correct treatment tactics, but, nevertheless, the information that can be obtained about the microbe and its sensitivity to ABP makes it possible to better cope with the infectious process. The development and introduction of new laboratory research methods into modern clinical practice is very relevant, could simplify and speed up the diagnosis of the disease, and with it increase the effectiveness of its treatment.

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Bacterial Keratitis - Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

Cited by 9 publications

References 37 publications

External ocular bacterial infections among Sudanese children at Khartoum State, Sudan

External ocular bacterial infections among Sudanese children at Khartoum State, Sudan

Causes of Bacterial and Fungal External Eye Infections and Their Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns Among Children in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria

Bacterial Keratitis. Part 1. Epidemiology, Etiology, Pathophysiology, Risk Factors, Clinic, Current Aspects of Diagnosis

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