Bacterial meningitis: An update review

Bekairy, Abdulkareem M. Al; Harbi, Shmeylan Al; Alkatheri, Abdulmalik; Dekhail, Saleh Al; Swaidan, Lolowa Al; Khalidi, Nabil

doi:10.5897/ajpp2014.4042

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Infectious meningitis can be further sub-divided to nonbacterial and bacterial (pyogenic) meningitis. Nonbacterial meningitis is typically caused by viral or fungal infections (Al Bekairy et al, 2014).…”

Section: Etiology Of Meningitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Etiology of Meningitis from Patients Suspected of Meningitis Attending Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal

Pandey

Jha

Shrestha³

2015

American Journal of Microbiology

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Meningitis is an inflammatory infection of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord, which occurs either as a primary disease or secondarily to disease in some other parts of the body. Its most frequent causes are Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. The epidemiological trend of acute meningitis varies with time and geography. Information on the relative frequency of the isolation and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of these pathogens is scarce in Nepal. To analyze the various causative agents of meningitis in all age group patients and to know the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates from the Cerebrospinal Fluids (CSF) of suspected cases of meningitis, were the prime objectives of this paper. In this cross sectional study, a total 356 CSF specimens were collected from patients suspected of meningitis and processed macroscopically, microscopically and microbiologically by standard microbiological methods in Emergency Laboratory of Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH) Kathmandu, Nepal over a period of six months, from March to August 2014. Out of 356 CSF samples, 16(4.5%) were found to be culture positive. Among the culture positive isolates, the most common bacterial isolate was Staphylococcus aureus, 4(25%). Isolation rate of Cryptococcus neoformans, the only fungal etiology of meningitis, was 3(18.8%), which was seen in elderly patients indicating increased susceptibility of C. neoformans in immune-compromised status of patients. All bacterial isolates were found to be sensitive to Chloramphenicol. The isolation rate of pathogens causing meningitis from CSF is low (4.5%). Chloramphenicol may be used for the treatment of bacterial meningitis.

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Section: Etiology Of Meningitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Etiology of Meningitis from Patients Suspected of Meningitis Attending Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal

Pandey

Jha

Shrestha³

2015

American Journal of Microbiology

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“…The univariate logistic regression analysis was done to analyse four CSF criteria that were important in assessing CSF culture; these criteria include CSF protein, CSF Gram stain status, CSF glucose, and CSF appearance. The CSF was found to be cloudy, which may be due to the presence of high levels of WBCs, RBCs, bacteria and protein (21, 22). The CSF glucose ratio of less than 0.4 was more than 80% sensitive and 98% specific for diagnosis of bacterial meningitis in children of more than two months of age (23, 24).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Retrospective Study on the First Cerebrospinal Fluid Taken from External Ventricular Drainage Insertion in Meningitis Patients with Hydrocephalus

Afifi

Abdullah

Siregar

et al. 2019

MJMS

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BackgroundVentriculoperitoneal (VP) shunting is a permanent form of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion that can be performed for hydrocephalus. Sterility of the CSF is an important prerequisite for permanent shunt placement. It has been hypothesised that in early stage of meningitis, ventricular CSF remains sterile. A study is conducted on the first CSF sample taken from patients suspected to have meningitic hydrocephalus.MethodA retrospective review case records of patients who had undergone external ventricular drainage (EVD) for suspected meningitic hydropcephalus in Hospital Sultanah Aminah Johor Bahru (HSAJB), Johor, Malaysia.ResultsFifty-one cases were analysed. Mean age of patients was 37.27 years old, with 64.7% of them was male. Univariate analysis revealed that the main parameters to determine CSF sterility were CSF glucose (95% CI, 0.852, 10.290, P = 0.001), CSF protein (CI 95%, 0.722, 14.898, P < 0.001), CSF gram stain (95% CI, 16.437, 0.877, P < 0.001 ) and CSF appearance ( 0.611, 6.362, P = 0.012). Multivariate analysis had proven that gram stain was the main parameter in the CSF analysis (CI 95%, 16.437, 0.029, P = 0.016). No significant differences in CSF results were observed from EVD and lumbar puncture.ConclusionThe most significant parameter in CSF to determine infection was gram stain.

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“…More than 800,000 people in this area were infected, with a case fatality rate of 10%. 2 In Saudi Arabia, the epidemics of meningitis usually occur during or after Hajj and Umrah seasons, due to massive gathering of people in certain areas. Pattern evolution confirmed that 48% of meningitis cases were reported at the two holy cities, namely, Mecca and Medina.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pattern evolution confirmed that 48% of meningitis cases were reported at the two holy cities, namely, Mecca and Medina. 2 In 2000, Indonesian pilgrims were infected by Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A and W135. Among 253 identified cases from Saudi Arabia, 93 cases were caused by N. meningitidis serogroup W135, while 60 cases were caused by N. meningitidis serogroup A. Statistically, there were nine cases caused by serogroup W135 and six cases caused by serogroup A per 100,000 population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunoinformatics Approach in Designing Epitope-based Vaccine against Meningitis-inducing Bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae Type b)

Zahroh¹,

Ma’rup²,

Tambunan³

et al. 2016

dti

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Bacterial meningitis: An update review

Cited by 6 publications

References 26 publications

Etiology of Meningitis from Patients Suspected of Meningitis Attending Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal

Etiology of Meningitis from Patients Suspected of Meningitis Attending Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal

A Retrospective Study on the First Cerebrospinal Fluid Taken from External Ventricular Drainage Insertion in Meningitis Patients with Hydrocephalus

Immunoinformatics Approach in Designing Epitope-based Vaccine against Meningitis-inducing Bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae Type b)

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