Bacterial Microcompartments

Kerfeld, Cheryl A.; Heinhorst, Sabine; Cannon, Gordon C.

doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.112408.134211

Cited by 319 publications

(333 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…The latter compound moves from the MCP to the cytoplasm, where it enters central metabolism, providing energy and/or carbon for cell growth. In the case of the carboxysome, sequestration allows the concentration of CO 2 to be elevated in the immediate vicinity of RuBisCO, improving its catalytic efficiency (13,16,18). For other MCPs, sequestration helps to balance the production and consumption of the toxic/volatile catabolic intermediate.…”

Section: Essential Features Of Bacterial Microcompartments Mcps Are Umentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multiple MCP types are often found within a single genome, except for carboxysomes, where only one type (␣ or ␤) is found per genome (20). Several studies have suggested that MCP loci are subject to frequent horizontal gene transfer, including recent comprehensive analyses of sequenced genomes (6,13,20,28,29). In many cases, MCPs are encoded by large operons that include multiple MCP shell protein paralogs along with MCP-associated enzymes.…”

Section: Mcp Distribution and Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Carboxysomes are found in virtually all bacteria that use the Calvin cycle for CO 2 fixation, including cyanobacteria (a diverse group of photosynthetic bacteria) and many if not all chemoautotrophs (13,16). Cyanobacteria are widely distributed in freshwater and marine environments, and it has been estimated that as much as 25% of all carbon fixation on Earth occurs within carboxysomes (16).…”

Section: Carboxysomes Play a Major Role In Global Carbon Fixationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Protein database searches indicate that about 16% of bacterial species have MCP gene clusters that consist of enzyme-encoding genes interspersed with genes for MCP shell proteins (13,15,17,18,20,170). The ␣-and ␤-carboxysomes (16) as well as the Pdu and Eut MCPs described above represent the best-characterized MCP types.…”

Section: Diverse Microcompartmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Today, MCPs are thought to be involved in seven or more metabolic processes (9). All MCPs have related protein shells that are composed primarily of bacterial microcompartment (BMC) domain proteins (10)(11)(12)(13)(14). However, different types of MCPs encapsulate different enzymes and have various physiological roles (9,10,(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Diverse Bacterial Microcompartment Organelles

Chowdhury

Sinha

Chun

et al. 2014

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

214

278

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SUMMARY Bacterial microcompartments (MCPs) are sophisticated protein-based organelles used to optimize metabolic pathways. They consist of metabolic enzymes encapsulated within a protein shell, which creates an ideal environment for catalysis and facilitates the channeling of toxic/volatile intermediates to downstream enzymes. The metabolic processes that require MCPs are diverse and widely distributed and play important roles in global carbon fixation and bacterial pathogenesis. The protein shells of MCPs are thought to selectively control the movement of enzyme cofactors, substrates, and products (including toxic or volatile intermediates) between the MCP interior and the cytoplasm of the cell using both passive electrostatic/steric and dynamic gated mechanisms. Evidence suggests that specialized shell proteins conduct electrons between the cytoplasm and the lumen of the MCP and/or help rebuild damaged iron-sulfur centers in the encapsulated enzymes. The MCP shell is elaborated through a family of small proteins whose structural core is known as a bacterial microcompartment (BMC) domain. BMC domain proteins oligomerize into flat, hexagonally shaped tiles, which assemble into extended protein sheets that form the facets of the shell. Shape complementarity along the edges allows different types of BMC domain proteins to form mixed sheets, while sequence variation provides functional diversification. Recent studies have also revealed targeting sequences that mediate protein encapsulation within MCPs, scaffolding proteins that organize lumen enzymes and the use of private cofactor pools (NAD/H and coenzyme A [HS-CoA]) to facilitate cofactor homeostasis. Although much remains to be learned, our growing understanding of MCPs is providing a basis for bioengineering of protein-based containers for the production of chemicals/pharmaceuticals and for use as molecular delivery vehicles.

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Section: Essential Features Of Bacterial Microcompartments Mcps Are Umentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mcp Distribution and Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Carboxysomes Play a Major Role In Global Carbon Fixationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diverse Microcompartmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diverse Bacterial Microcompartment Organelles

Chowdhury

Sinha

Chun

et al. 2014

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

214

278

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Synthetic Biology in Metabolic Engineering: From Complex Biochemical Pathways to Compartmentalized Metabolic Processes - a Vitamin Connection

Deery

Frank

Lawrence

et al. 2014

Encyclopedia of Molecular Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine

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Bacterial and Archaeal Inclusions

Shively

Cannon

Heinhorst

et al. 2011

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Bacterial inclusions can be defined as discrete structures seen within the confines of prokaryotic cells, generally intracytoplasmic, but in some instances in the periplasmic region of the cell. Inclusions function as metabolic reserves, cell positioners, or as metabolic organelles. Some inclusions may contribute to more than one of these functions. Those that function as metabolic reserves are glycogen, polyhydroxyalkanoate, wax ester, triacylglycerol, cyanophycin, and polyphosphate granules, and sulfur globules. These reserves are commonly accumulated in response to a nutrient imbalance, for example, under conditions of excess carbon/energy. Magnetosomes and gas vesicles contribute to cell mobility thereby assisting the cells in attaining nutrient and/or redox needs. Carboxysomes, containing the enzyme ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, and chlorosomes, sacs of self‐aggregated bacterriochlorophyll are carbon‐fixing and light‐harvesting organelles, respectively. Key Concepts: The cytoplasmic region of prokaryotic cells can be much more complex than originally thought. In addition to flagella, many prokaryotes have developed mechanisms whereby they are capable of positioning/orienting themselves in an aqueous environment. Although not as complex as the well‐known eukaryotic organelles, many prokaryotes possess simple organelles. Many of the inclusions may have useful properties for applications in biotechnology

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Bacterial Microcompartments

Cited by 319 publications

References 67 publications

Diverse Bacterial Microcompartment Organelles

Diverse Bacterial Microcompartment Organelles

Synthetic Biology in Metabolic Engineering: From Complex Biochemical Pathways to Compartmentalized Metabolic Processes - a Vitamin Connection

Bacterial and Archaeal Inclusions

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