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Nature inspires technological innovation through unique micronanostructured surfaces, such as fish fins, lotus leaves, butterfly wings, rose petals, a bird's spongy bone, etc. These structures exhibit capabilities beyond conventional engineering, making biomimetics a key focus of scientific research. Integrating nanotechnology, biology, and bioengineering has significantly propelled the development of nanomaterials with distinct functions and properties. This interdisciplinary synergy has extensively advanced biomimetic nanomaterials. This review highlights biomimetic nanomaterials, with an emphasis on state-of-the-art sensing devices. In addition to this, it furnishes an extensive compendium of investigations into synthesis and fabrication of biomimetic nanomaterials, such as metal−organic frameworks (MOFs), molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), carbon-based biomimetic nanomaterials (graphene, carbon nanotubes), and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), for biosensor development.We have focused on their applications in disease diagnostics within healthcare while also addressing their role in environmental monitoring and agriculture. This comprehensive review aims to impart an insightful understanding of the scientific complexities associated with these technologies and concludes with an appraisal of current challenges and future developments.
Nature inspires technological innovation through unique micronanostructured surfaces, such as fish fins, lotus leaves, butterfly wings, rose petals, a bird's spongy bone, etc. These structures exhibit capabilities beyond conventional engineering, making biomimetics a key focus of scientific research. Integrating nanotechnology, biology, and bioengineering has significantly propelled the development of nanomaterials with distinct functions and properties. This interdisciplinary synergy has extensively advanced biomimetic nanomaterials. This review highlights biomimetic nanomaterials, with an emphasis on state-of-the-art sensing devices. In addition to this, it furnishes an extensive compendium of investigations into synthesis and fabrication of biomimetic nanomaterials, such as metal−organic frameworks (MOFs), molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), carbon-based biomimetic nanomaterials (graphene, carbon nanotubes), and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), for biosensor development.We have focused on their applications in disease diagnostics within healthcare while also addressing their role in environmental monitoring and agriculture. This comprehensive review aims to impart an insightful understanding of the scientific complexities associated with these technologies and concludes with an appraisal of current challenges and future developments.
Exploring bio-inspired nanomaterials (BINMs) and incorporating them into micro/nanodevices represent a significant development in biomedical applications. Nanomaterials, engineered to imitate biological structures and processes, exhibit distinctive attributes such as exceptional biocompatibility, multifunctionality, and unparalleled versatility. The utilization of BINMs demonstrates significant potential in diverse domains of biomedical micro/nanodevices, encompassing biosensors, targeted drug delivery systems, and advanced tissue engineering constructs. This article thoroughly examines the development and distinctive attributes of various BINMs, including those originating from proteins, DNA, and biomimetic polymers. Significant attention is directed toward incorporating these entities into micro/nanodevices and the subsequent biomedical ramifications that arise. This review explores biomimicry’s structure–function correlations. Synthesis mosaics include bioprocesses, biomolecules, and natural structures. These nanomaterials’ interfaces use biomimetic functionalization and geometric adaptations, transforming drug delivery, nanobiosensing, bio-inspired organ-on-chip systems, cancer-on-chip models, wound healing dressing mats, and antimicrobial surfaces. It provides an in-depth analysis of the existing challenges and proposes prospective strategies to improve the efficiency, performance, and reliability of these devices. Furthermore, this study offers a forward-thinking viewpoint highlighting potential avenues for future exploration and advancement. The objective is to effectively utilize and maximize the application of BINMs in the progression of biomedical micro/nanodevices, thereby propelling this rapidly developing field toward its promising future.
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