Bacterial Overgrowth and Methane Production in Children with Encopresis

Leiby, Alycia; Mehta, Devendra I.; Gopalareddy, Vani; Jackson-Walker, Susan; Horváth, Károly

doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.10.043

Cited by 31 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The percentage of MPs in our study was 20.15% which is very close to 23% observed in a recent comprehensive assessment of the gut microbiome in healthy twins [18]. This is lower than some of the other previously reported values of 33.6%-36.4% [7, 8] and is likely due to a lower cut-off value of 2.8-3 ppm used in these studies to classify a subject as a methane-producer, compared to ours. We have elected to use the cut-off of 5 ppm to classify a subject as a methane producer, considering potential variability in the assay, in addition to ambient concentrations of methane that can be up to 2 ppm or higher, used in the previous studies.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…HBT results were plotted graphically and interpreted by one of the authors (Ali Keshavarzian) who is an experienced clinician. Methane producers were defined as having baseline fasting breath methane level > 5 ppm because ambient air concentrations of methane are expected to be much lower than 5ppm [8] and the detection limit of methane by the gas chromatography is at 1ppm [9]. Diverticulosis was defined as having one or more diverticuli at the colonoscopy performed closest to date of the breath test.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Breath Methane Levels Are Increased Among Patients with Diverticulosis

et al. 2016

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Background Diverticulosis and its complications are important healthcare problems in the United States and throughout the Western world. While mechanisms as to how diverticulosis occurs have partially been explored, few studies examined the relationship between colonic gases such as methane and diverticulosis in humans. Aim This study aimed to demonstrate prospective relationship between methanogenic Archaea and development of diverticulosis. Methods Subjects who consecutively underwent hydrogen breath test (HBT) at Rush University Medical Center (RUMC) between 2003 and 2010 were identified retrospectively through a database. Medical records were reviewed for presence of a colonoscopy report. Two hundred and sixty four subjects were identified who had both a breath methane level measurement and a colonoscopy result. Additional demographic and clinical data were obtained with chart review. Results Mean breath methane levels were higher in subjects with diverticulosis compared to those without diverticulosis (7.89 ppm vs. 4.94 ppm, p=0.04). Methane producers (defined as those with baseline fasting breath methane level >5 ppm) were more frequent among subjects with diverticulosis compared to those without diverticulosis (50.9% vs. 34%, p=0.0025). When adjusted for confounders, breath methane levels and age were the two independent predictors of diverticulosis on colonoscopy with logistic regression modeling. Conclusions Methanogenesis is associated with presence of diverticulosis. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings and prospectively evaluate a possible etiological role of methanogenesis and methanogenic archaea in diverticulosis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breath Methane Levels Are Increased Among Patients with Diverticulosis

et al. 2016

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“…Recent investigations demonstrating small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) and excess methane production in children with encopresis might suggest that the condition may not be exclusively psychogenic [45]. Constipation is 5 times more likely in children with the related condition of nocturnal enuresis [46], and intestinal pathogens have been associated with increased risk of enuresis in children [47].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal microbiota, probiotics and mental health: from Metchnikoff to modern advances: part III – convergence toward clinical trials

2013

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Rapid scientific and technological advances have allowed for a more detailed understanding of the relevance of intestinal microbiota, and the entire body-wide microbiome, to human health and well-being. Rodent studies have provided suggestive evidence that probiotics (e.g. lactobacillus and bifidobacteria) can influence behavior. More importantly, emerging clinical studies indicate that the administration of beneficial microbes, via supplementation and/or fecal microbial transplant (FMT), can influence end-points related to mood state (glycemic control, oxidative status, uremic toxins), brain function (functional magnetic resonance imaging fMRI), and mental outlook (depression, anxiety). However, despite the advances in the area of gastro-biological psychiatry, it becomes clear that there remains an urgent need to explore the value of beneficial microbes in controlled clinical investigations. With the history explored in this series, it is fair to ask if we are now on the cusp of major clinical breakthroughs, or are we merely in the quicksand of Autointoxication II?

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“…Furthermore, in children affected by encopresis (inorganic fecal incontinence), a greater prevalence of SIBO and a high level of methane production are observed [76].…”

Section: Association Between Sibo and Other Nosological Entitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%