Bacterial Pathogens of Wheat: Symptoms, Distribution, Identification, and Taxonomy

Tambong, James T.

doi:10.5772/intechopen.102855

Cited by 8 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Основным источником распространения бактериозов зерновых культур являются зараженные семена [4], при этом симптомы заболевания в случае его наличия не позволяют идентифицировать возбудителя. Для осуществления фитосанитарного контроля бактериозов пробы от партий зерна подлежат лабораторной диагностике.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Identification of Pseudomonas fuscovaginae, Pseudomonas syringae and Xanthomonas translucens in wheat seeds using PCR

Muvingi

Slovareva²,

Zargar³

2022

Vestn. Ross. univ. družby nar., Ser. Agron. životnovod.

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The causative agents of grain crops bacteriosis viz. Pseudomonas fuscovaginae , Pseudomonas syringae and Xanthomonas translucens are regulated by phytosanitary requirements of the largest importers of Russian grain - Egypt, Turkey, Bangladesh, Nigeria and Pakistan. Therefore, it requires the development of rapid methods for their diagnosis. The PCR method, which is the fastest and most reliable in testing laboratories, needs optimal preparation of the test material. The aim of the study was to optimize the process of preparing seed samples for subsequent detection and identification of P. fuscovaginae, P. syringae and X. translucens by PCR. Wheat grain samples were soaked in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for 2 hours and infected with suspensions of P. fuscovaginae, P. syringae pv. coronafaciens and X. translucens at various concentrations. Then, the infected grain samples were crushed and subjected to two-stage centrifugation. DNA was isolated from the obtained analytical samples and species-specific PCR was performed for each bacterial species. It was found that a two-hour soaking of the seeds and their treatment with a homogenizer is sufficient to effectively destroy each grain in the sample and ensure the release of bacteria into the liquid part of the sample. The first low-speed centrifugation allowed the crushed grain to settle efficiently and remove excess starch from the supernatant. High-speed centrifugation of the supernatant made it possible to obtain a concentrated microbiota contained in the grain sample. To obtain DNA of sufficient quality for PCR test, the kit Proba-GS (AgroDiagnostika, Russia) was used for DNA extraction. Using Pseudomonas fuscovaginae-RT kit (Syntol, Russia) and PsyF/PsyR and 4F1/4R 1 primers, DNA of P. fuscovaginae P. syringae and X. translucens , respectively, was successfully detected in each of the samples infected with these bacteria at concentrations of 103 CFU/ml. The absence of PCR inhibition was noted. The method of removing starch from samples for molecular diagnostics of phytopathogens was used for the first time. Application of these methods will allow diagnosing pathogens of bacterioses within one day.

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Section: Introductionunclassified

Identification of Pseudomonas fuscovaginae, Pseudomonas syringae and Xanthomonas translucens in wheat seeds using PCR

Muvingi

Slovareva²,

Zargar³

2022

Vestn. Ross. univ. družby nar., Ser. Agron. životnovod.

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“…syringae -pažeidžia visus javus ir kitus augalus), bazalinė bakteriozė (sukėlėjas P. syringae pv. atrofaciens -pažeidžia kviečius) (Tambong et al, 2022;Patyka, 2016). Užkrėsti grūdai būna susiraukšlėję, netaisyklingos formos, būdingas patamsėjimas (nuo rudos iki praktiškai juodos spalvos) galuose, kur, pasak autorių, yra didžiausia ligos koncentracija (1 pav.)…”

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“…Javų bakteriniai patogenai mažais atstumais plinta su sėkla, per aerozolius (lietų, rasą) ir tiesioginio kontakto vektorius (vabzdžius, žmones), didesniais atstumais -tik per užkrėstą sėklą. Kontroliuojamo užkrėtimo eksperimentų duomenys rodo, kad ligų požymiai sparčiausiai vystosi esant didelei drėgmei (gausiems krituliams arba drė-kinant purkštuvais) ir ne itin aukštai (20-24 °C) temperatūrai (Tambong et al, 2022).…”

unclassified

“…Tarptautiniu mastu derlingumo praradimas svyruoja nuo 5 iki 50 % (Duveiller et al, 1997;Valencia-Botín et al, 2012). Be to, buvo įrodyta, kad užkrėtimas sėklomis yra labai svarbus ligos epidemiologijoje (Kazempour, 2010;Tambong et al, 2022;Tripathi, 2017;Vasinauskienė et al, 2008). Žinoma, kad bakterijos plinta per sėklas, todėl užterštos sėklos išlieka svarbiausias infekcijos šaltinis.…”

unclassified

“…atrofaciens. Remiantis literatūra, kviečių augintojams rekomenduojama vengti naudoti sėklas iš to lauko, kuriame pastebėta ligos požymių (Tambong et al, 2022).…”

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Pseudomonas syringae influence on winter wheat yield

Kelpsiene¹,

Supronienė²

2022

zemesukiomokslai

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The last year research shows that pathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas syringae which cause leaf blight and basal glume blotch are spreading in Lithuania. The loss of grain yield because of P. syringae caused diseases might be from 5 to 50%. The decrease of grain yield depends on many factors, including environment conditions (especially temperature and humidity). The aim of the study is to identity how different strains and infection of Pseudomonas syringae influence winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) yield in Lithuania. In vitro five varieties of winter wheat (Dagmar, Janne, Edvins, Skagen and Artist) have been infected by cell suspensions of eight different P. syringae strains (1.0 × 106 KSVml–1) in different growth stages (BBCH 61, BBCH 63-65, BBCH 70- 71 and BBCH 75). The wheat has been sprayed by sterile distilled water in the control variant. Grain weight differences between the investigation variants have been estimated after wheat achieved full maturity (BBCH89). With reference to the analysis data of three statistical factors we can say that the P. syringae infection time did not have a significant influence on the grain weight (P = 0.1970), but the influence of the varieties and P. syringae strains was statistically significant (P = 0.0000). The interaction between different factors such as the infection time and varieties, the infection time and P. syringae strains as well as P. syringae strains has been statistically significant. The referential bacteria P. syringae pv. syringae (strain No. CFBP 4108 Van Hall 1902) and P. syringae pv. Atrofaciens (strain No. CFBP 3587 Mac Culloch 1920) reduced the grain weight mostly (P = 0.0000), respectively, 10.2 and 9.1% compared to the control.

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Cereal production in Africa: the threat of current plant pathogens in changing climate-a review

Benjamin,

Oyedokun,

Oziegbe

et al. 2024

Discov Agric

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In Sub-Saharan Africa, cereals are threatened by stress-inducing microbial pathogens and parasites such as fungi, bacteria, viruses and nematodes leading to significant losses. Mycotoxin-producing fungi like Fusarium graminearum induce head blight disease causing 30–70% of yield losses in wheat. In comparison, Fusarium verticillioides accounts for ear rot diseases that account for 13–70% of maize yield losses in Sub-Saharan Africa. Outbreaks of the devastating rice blast pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae have caused up to 48% yield losses of rice in Kenya. The grey leaf spot fungus, C. zeina, gradually becomes a threat to maize production, causing a 65% yield loss in South Africa. Maize smut and ergot-causing pathogens, Sporisorium ehrenbergii and Claviceps africana, under mildly humid and cold climatic conditions, impact grain quality and market value. The maize streak virus predominantly ravages maize fields all over Sub-Saharan Africa causing 30–100% yield losses while the diseases caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae has led to 10 to 50% yield losses in rice production. In Nigeria, nematode pathogens like Pratylenchus spp have been reported to cause yield losses of up to 27% in maize production. This review fundamentally discusses these cereal pathogens and their current and future impact in the face of climate change in Africa. We seriously emphasize the need for more simulation studies on each of these pathogens across Sub-Saharan Africa and their potential impact under current and future climate change scenarios.

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Bacterial Pathogens of Wheat: Symptoms, Distribution, Identification, and Taxonomy

Cited by 8 publications

References 70 publications

Identification of Pseudomonas fuscovaginae, Pseudomonas syringae and Xanthomonas translucens in wheat seeds using PCR

Identification of Pseudomonas fuscovaginae, Pseudomonas syringae and Xanthomonas translucens in wheat seeds using PCR

Pseudomonas syringae influence on winter wheat yield

Cereal production in Africa: the threat of current plant pathogens in changing climate-a review

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