Bacterial Populations in the Vaginas of Healthy Adolescent Women

Yamamoto, Ted; Zhou, Xia; Williams, Chris; Hochwalt, Anne E.; Forney, Larry J.

doi:10.1016/j.jpag.2008.01.073

Cited by 134 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Under healthy conditions, vaginal flora is dominated by lactobacilli, which maintain acidic pH through production of organic acids at times other than menstruation (1,8,13,30). Disruptions of vaginal pH or lactobacilli may allow potentially pathogenic microorganisms to grow and dominate.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycerol Monolaurate Inhibits Candida and Gardnerella vaginalis In Vitro and In Vivo but Not Lactobacillus

Strandberg

Peterson

Lin

et al. 2010

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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We investigated the effects of glycerol monolaurate (GML) on Lactobacillus, Candida, and Gardnerella vaginalis human vaginal microflora. Our previous work demonstrated that 6 months of GML treatment vaginally does not alter lactobacillus counts in monkeys. Candida and G. vaginalis are commonly associated with vaginal infections in women, many becoming chronic or recurrent. In vitro growth inhibition studies determined the effects of GML (0 to 500 g/ml) against multiple Candida species and G. vaginalis. A randomized, double-blind study investigated the effects of GML on vaginal microflora Lactobacillus, Candida, and G. vaginalis in colonized or infected women (n ‫؍‬ 36). Women self-administered intravaginal gels containing 0% (n ‫؍‬ 14), 0.5% (n ‫؍‬ 13), or 5% (n ‫؍‬ 9) GML every 12 h for 2 days. Vaginal swabs were collected before and immediately after the first gel administration and 12 h after the final gel administration. Swabs were tested for Lactobacillus, Candida, G. vaginalis, and GML. In vitro GML concentrations of 500 g/ml were candicidal for all species tested, while a concentration of 10 g/ml was bactericidal for G. vaginalis. Control and GML gels applied vaginally in women did not alter vaginal pH or Lactobacillus counts. Control gels reduced G. vaginalis counts but not Candida counts, whereas GML gels reduced both Candida and G. vaginalis. No adverse events were reported by participating women. GML is antimicrobial for Candida and G. vaginalis in vitro. Vaginal GML gels in women do not affect Lactobacillus negatively but significantly reduce Candida and G. vaginalis.The human vagina is colonized by microbes, and infections occur when the balance is disturbed. Under healthy conditions, vaginal flora is dominated by lactobacilli, which maintain acidic pH through production of organic acids at times other than menstruation (1,8,13,30). Disruptions of vaginal pH or lactobacilli may allow potentially pathogenic microorganisms to grow and dominate.Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common chronic infection characterized by complex vaginal flora changes, which include elevations of vaginal pH and, when symptomatic, malodorous discharge and inflammation (2,5,11). BV is associated with preterm delivery, increased risk of HIV transmission, and risk of other infections (17). The prevalences of BV range from 4 to 40% of women, with the highest prevalence among patients at sexually transmitted infection clinics (25). During BV infection, there are reductions in lactobacilli and increases in bacterial groups such as the Gram-negative bacterium Gardnerella vaginalis (3,10,18,25). Additional bacterial groups that are associated with BV include Bacteroides fragilis and Peptostreptococcus (12, 28). Current treatment recommendations for BV include metronidazole and clindamycin (4).Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is also a common infection. VVC is caused by Candida species, most often Candida albicans (7,26). It is estimated that 70 to 75% of women experience VVC at least once during their reproductive years (14), and 5 to 8...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycerol Monolaurate Inhibits Candida and Gardnerella vaginalis In Vitro and In Vivo but Not Lactobacillus

Strandberg

Peterson

Lin

et al. 2010

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…Согласно литературным данным вид L. iners часто встречается как при физиологическом состоянии микробиоценоза, так и при дис-биозе влагалища [13,17], что также подтверж-дает и наше исследование. При сравнении частоты выявления ДНК видов лактобацилл у женщин с физиологическим и нарушенным микробиоценозом влагалища L. iners обна-руживался у 48 % женщин с нормоценозом и у 39 % с выраженным дисбиозом.…”

Section: обсуждение и заключениеunclassified

“…В нашем исследовании этот вид ча-сто встречался при дисбиозах: доминировал в группе умеренных дисбиозов (67 %) и был второй по частоте встречаемости после L. iners в группе выраженных дисбиозов, а количество L. gasseri при выраженном дисбиозе по сравне-нию с нормоценозом при оценке проб с един-ственным видом лактобацилл двукратно увели-чилось. По данным литературы, L. gasseri, как и L. iners, имеет сравнительно небольшой геном (около 2 Mbp) [21] и лишь до 15 % всех штам-мов L. gasseri способны продуцировать пере-кись водорода [17]. Это может свидетельство-вать о более низкой способности вида L. gasseri к поддержанию постоянства микробиоценоза влагалища.…”

Section: обсуждение и заключениеunclassified

“…Однако частота встре-чаемости L. iners в качестве доминирующего вида при нормоценозе также не редкость [13]. Большинство исследователей указывает на яв-ное преобладание L. crispatus в биотопе здоро-вых женщин, в то время как L. gasseri и L. iners в 4 раза чаще встречаются у женщин с бакте-риальным вагинозом [14][15][16][17].…”

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Species diversity of vaginal lactobacilli in norm and in dysbiotic states

et al. 2017

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Introduction. In healthy women of reproductive age, the vaginal microflora is represented mainly by lactobacilli. They provide a barrier function, preventing the propagation of opportunistic pathogens and the colonization of the vagina by pathogenic microorganisms. It is shown that the lactobacillary microflora of the vagina is very diverse, but not all species of lactobacilli can provide reliable protection of the female organism. Objective: to characterize the species and quantitative composition of vaginal lactobacilli of women of reproductive age in norm and in dysbiosis. Material and methods. The study involved 123 patients from polyclinic departments of the D.O. Ott Reasearch Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology. For analysis of clinical material (vaginal discharge) for lactobacilli and other microorganisms, quantitative real-time PCR was used. Results. The most common types of lactobacilli are Lactobacillus jensenii, L. Iners, L. crispatus, L. vaginalis and L. gasseri. Species diversity of lactobacilli (detection of ≥2 species) is observed much more often in women with physiological microbiocenosis than in women with vaginal dysbiosis. Our study confirms that L. crispatus is the dominant species of the vaginal biotope of healthy women, while in dysbiosis the species L. gasseri and L. Iners are most often identified.

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“…In over 70 % of women, vaginal microbiota is dominated by lactobacilli (> 50 %) (Ling et al, 2010;Ravel et al, 2011;Yamamoto et al, 2009). This microbiota is different from the more complex gut microbiota, where lactobacilli represent less than 3 % of the bacterial population (Franks et al, 1998;Lay et al, 2005;Sghir et al, 2000).…”

Section: 9mentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion Part III on the substantiation of health claims related to various food(s)/food constituent(s) not supported by pertinent human data (ID 644, 946, 1717, 1730, 1742, 1760, 1871, 1894, 1910, 1926, 1933, 2000, 2024, 2028, 2095, 2124, 2127,

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Bacterial Populations in the Vaginas of Healthy Adolescent Women

Cited by 134 publications

References 36 publications

Glycerol Monolaurate Inhibits Candida and Gardnerella vaginalis In Vitro and In Vivo but Not Lactobacillus

Glycerol Monolaurate Inhibits Candida and Gardnerella vaginalis In Vitro and In Vivo but Not Lactobacillus

Species diversity of vaginal lactobacilli in norm and in dysbiotic states

Scientific Opinion Part III on the substantiation of health claims related to various food(s)/food constituent(s) not supported by pertinent human data (ID 644, 946, 1717, 1730, 1742, 1760, 1871, 1894, 1910, 1926, 1933, 2000, 2024, 2028, 2095, 2124, 2127,

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