Bacterial Profile among Patients with Suspected Bloodstream Infections in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Introduction. The burden of bloodstream infections (BSIs) has been warranted in Ethiopia. Globally, the emergency and raised resistance rate of bacterial antimicrobial resistance is becoming a prominent problem, and it is difficult to treat patients having sepsis. In this review, we aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of bacterial isolates among presumptive patients with bloodstream infections in Ethiopia. Methods. A systematic search was performed from PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, HINARI, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar electronic databases using PRISMA guidelines. The data analysis was carried out using STATATM version 14 after the records were cleaned and sorted out. Results. A total of 26 studies with 8,958 blood specimens and 2,382 culture-positive bacterial isolates were included for systematic review and meta-analysis. The meta-analysis derived a pooled culture-positive bacterial prevalence which was 25.78% (95% CI: 21.55–30.01%). The estimated pooled prevalence of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial isolates was 15.50% (95% CI: 12.84–18.15%) and 10.48 % (95% CI: 8.32–12.63%), respectively. The two common Gram-positive bacteria isolated from patients suspected of BSIs were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus with a pooled prevalence of 5.75% (95% CI: 4.58–6.92%) and S. aureus 7.04 % (95% CI: 5.37–8.72%). Similarly, the common Gram-negative bacterial isolates and their estimated pooled prevalence were E. coli 1.69% (95% CI: 1.21–2.16%), Klebsiella species 7.04 % (95% CI: 5.37–8.72%), Pseudomonas species 0.39% (95% CI: 0.08–0.70%), Salmonella species 1.09% (95% CI: 0.79–1.38%), and Streptococcus pyogenes 0.88% (95% CI: 0.54–1.22%). Conclusion. The prevalence of bacterial isolates among presumptive patients suspected to BSIs in Ethiopia remains high. Furthermore, we found a remarkable variation in the pathogen distribution across the study setting.

Antimicrobial Resistance and Associated Risk Factors of Gram-Negative Bacterial Bloodstream Infections in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa

“…The overall prevalence of culture-positive results in this study, 28.06%, was comparable with the study done in Mekelle, Ethiopia, 28%, 16 in Addis Ababa Ethiopia, 27.9%, 19 in Weldia, Ethiopia, 25.78%, 43 and Athens, Greece, 29%. 44 However, the current prevalence is lower than the study done in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 40.2%, 45 in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, 39.2%, 17 and in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 32.8%.…”

High burden of ESBL and carbapenemase-producing gram-negative bacteria in bloodstream infection patients at a tertiary care hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

“…A high percentage of ESBL + AmpC-BL bacteria (67.1%) were identified meanwhile carbapenemase + MBL was found to be 30.7%. In this study, the rate of BSI was 28.1% which is comparable to other related studies conducted in Ethiopia with prevalence rates of 28.0% [ 39 ], 27.9% [ 40 ], and 25.8% [ 41 ]. However, the current result was higher than rates reported elsewhere18.2% [ 42 ], 15.8% [ 43 ], and lower than other studies conducted in Ethiopia which were 32.8% [ 19 ], and 39.2% [ 44 ].…”

Bacterial and fungal profile, drug resistance pattern and associated factors of isolates recovered from blood samples of patients referred to Ethiopian Public Health Institute: cross-sectional study

“…In Ethiopia, systemic review done in bloodstream infections showed that the proportion of blood stream infections ranged from (12.84–18.15%). The common pathogens isolated from bacterial infected patients were S. aureus and E. coli [ 17 ]. However, it is difficult to generalize these findings to all levels of health care facilities in Ethiopia.…”