Bacterial Profile and Their Antibiotic Resistance Pattern Among HIV Patients Diagnosed with Pneumonia in Felege-Hiwot Referral Hospital, Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia

Genetu, Deribew; Zenebe, Yohannes

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-59409/v1

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…All of them are cross-sectional in study design and were published between 2000 and October 2022. Among those studies four were done in Amhara region (Dessie (18), Gondar (16), Bahir Dar (15,22)), two studies in SNNP (Arbaminch (23) and Hawassa ( 17)) and the rest three studies were independently reported from Addis Ababa (24), Oromia (25) and Tigray regional state (26). Seven of the included studies were done among all adult CAP patients whereas the rest two were done among adult CAP patients living with HIV/AIDS (Table 1 and Supporting le 4:-Table S3) Table 1 Characteristics of studies done on CAP among adult patients in Ethiopia in the year between 2000 and October 2022.…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED: Prevalence of community-acquired pneumonia among adult population in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Seid

Tadesse

Menza

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background Lower respiratory tract infections are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality around the globe. Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is among these problems requiring the knowledge of its general international and national burden as well as concerning its etiologic agents. There is no nationally representative information on the prevalence of bacterial CAP with its common etiology. This review was intended to report the pooled prevalence of CAP with common bacterial etiologies among adult populations in the Ethiopia context. Methodology A comprehensive search of published literature was made on electronic databases such as PUBMED, Science Direct, CINAHL, HINARI, Google scholar, and the local university repository. This study was done based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guideline. A primary article published in the last two decades that report the bacterial profile of CAP among adult population in Ethiopia was included. The quality of each study was checked by Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist for cross-sectional studies. Cochrane Q and I2 values were used to assess the heterogeneity among studies. Publication bias was assessed by funnel plot and eggers test. The random effect model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence. The protocol for this study was registered in PROSPERO (ID=CRD42022357896). Result A total of 1440 articles were screened and only 9 articles were included in the final analysis with a total sample size of 2496. The pooled prevalence of CAP among adult population was 39.18% confidence interval (CI (36.34-42.02), I2=52.6, P=0.032). With respect to bacterial etiologies Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common isolate (9.1%) followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae (8.11%) and Staphylococcus aureus (6.8%). There was no publication bias as checked by symmetric funnel plot and eggers test (p = 0.15). The estimate of all included studies has laid between CI of the pooled estimate as indicated by sensitivity analysis. Conclusions The overall estimate of CAP in this study was 39.18%. Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus were the most common isolate in causing CAP. It is better to provide a tool for the diagnosis of specific etiologic agents for better diagnosis of patients and increase patient outcomes by reducing empirical treatments.

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Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED: Prevalence of community-acquired pneumonia among adult population in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Seid

Tadesse

Menza

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…In the present study, the predominant isolate was S. pneumoniae 49 (26.3%) followed by K. pneumoniae 46 (47.4%) and P. aeruginosa 34 (19.4%). This result is inconsistent with other studies conducted in Ethiopia such as Arbaminch, 38 Jimma, 43 Bahirdar, 44 others with different geographical regions of the world like India, 1 , 46 United Kingdom 40 and Spain 15 showed that S. pneumoniae was the predominant isolate On the contrary, previous studies conducted in Mekelle, 21 Addis Ababa 41 Tanzania 45 and Bahirdar 47 ; and elsewhere in the world including Nepal, 17 Nigeria 43 , 44 and India. 14 , 26 , 48 This dominance could be attributed to their capsular nature and the emergence of strains from both species with additional genetic traits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Bacteriology of community-acquired pneumonia, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and associated risk factors among HIV patients, Northeast Ethiopia: cross-sectional study

et al. 2023

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Objective: Pneumonia is an opportunistic infection and it is a major cause of mortality and morbidity among human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome-positive patients. Previous studies have shown the dominant pathogens bacterial isolates were K. pneumoniae 27.0%, S. aureus 20.8%, S. pneumoniae 18.8% and E. coli 8.3%. This study aimed to determine bacteriology of community-acquired pneumonia, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and associated risk factors among human immunodeficiency virus patients in the Northeast Ethiopia: cross-sectional study. Methods: A health facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January to April 2021 at six health facilities in Dessie Town. A total of 378 community-acquired pneumonia patients suspected to be human immunodeficiency virus-positive were recruited using a consecutive sampling technique. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected using a structured questionnaire. A two-milliliter sputum specimen was collected aseptically from each study participant. Samples were cultivated on blood agar, chocolate agar and MacConkey agar to isolate bacterial pathogens. To identify bacteria pathogens Gram stain, colony morphology and biochemical tests were performed. The Kirby-Bauer Disc Diffusion method was used to perform the antimicrobial susceptibility test. Descriptive statistics, logistic regression analysis was carried out using Statistical package for social science version 25 software. p-value < 0.05 with a corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) was considered for statistical significance. Result: The overall prevalence of bacterial pneumonia was 175 (46.3%). Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 119 (68%) and the predominant isolates identified were Streptococcus pneumoniae 49 (28%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae 46 (26.3%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 34 (19.4%). There were 148 (84.6%) multidrug-resistant bacteria overall. Statistically significant factors included viral load, cigarette smoking, cluster of differentiation 4 count, alcohol use, World Health Organization clinical stages III and IV and low white blood cell count. Conclusion: The study found that both multidrug resistance and bacterial pneumonia were high. Thus, bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility tests should be routinely performed in health facilities in order to prevent and control the spread of bacterial infection and concurrent drug resistance.

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“…A study done by Genetu et al in Ethiopia in 2019 reported Klebsiella pneumoniae (29.7%) and Staphylococcus aureus (25%) [ 21 ] as the most prevalent isolates while a study done by Mihret et al also from Ethiopia in 2021 isolated Streptococcus pneumoniae (28%), Klebsiella pneumonia (26.3%) and Pseudomonas euroginosa (19.4%) [ 22 ]. Our study isolated Moraxella species (27.4%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (25.4%), Haemophilus influenza (22.4%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The bacterial profile and antibiotic susceptibility pattern in respiratory tract samples from art-experienced HIV-positive adults in Uganda

Lubega,

Abaasa,

Ochola

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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Introduction Microbial infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality among people living with HIV (PLWH). Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are responsible for approximately 70% of illnesses among PLWH. Drug resistant bacteria are highly prevalent among PLWH and this is a public health concern. Methods This is a retrospective analysis of data collected during the COSTOP trial between 2011 and 2013. Sputum collected on spot from participants presenting with a productive cough was examined using Gram, Ziehl-Neelsen stains and cultured on suitable bacteriological media. Antimicrobial sensitivity testing was done on isolated pathogens, by disc diffusion technique. Results We included 687 participants with mean age 41.3 (SD 8.2) years of whom 76.4% were female. Two hundred one sputum samples grew bacteria; Moraxella species (27.4%), Streptococcus pneumoniae(25.4%), Haemophilus influenza(22.4%), Mycobacterium species(4.5%), Pseudomonas species(4.0%), Staphylococcus aureus(4.0%), Escherichia coli (1.0%), Klebsiella species (1.0%), other bacteria (10.4%). A higher monthly income greater than or equal to 30$ (aOR = 0.63, 95%CI: 0.40–0.99) and longer duration since HIV diagnosis (aOR = 1.06, 95%CI: 1.0–1.11) were found to be independently associated with a positive bacterial culture. Moraxella sp, H. influenza and Pseudomonas had zero sensitivity towards cotrimoxazole. Sensitivity to erythromycin was low among Moraxella sp (28.6%), H. influenza (31.6%) and S. aureus(42.9%) and other bacteria (42.9%). Most isolates were sensitive to Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid and ceftriaxone. Conclusion There is a very low sensitivity of isolated bacteria to commonly prescribed antibiotics that are more available through the national supply chain, which is of public health concern. Urgent steps to tackle the high antimicrobial resistance among PLWH is required.

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Bacterial Profile and Their Antibiotic Resistance Pattern Among HIV Patients Diagnosed with Pneumonia in Felege-Hiwot Referral Hospital, Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia

Cited by 5 publications

References 20 publications

RETRACTED: Prevalence of community-acquired pneumonia among adult population in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

RETRACTED: Prevalence of community-acquired pneumonia among adult population in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Bacteriology of community-acquired pneumonia, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and associated risk factors among HIV patients, Northeast Ethiopia: cross-sectional study

The bacterial profile and antibiotic susceptibility pattern in respiratory tract samples from art-experienced HIV-positive adults in Uganda

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