Bacterial Profile, Antibacterial Resistance Pattern, and Associated Factors from Women Attending Postnatal Health Service at University of Gondar Teaching Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

Abstract

Introduction Surgical site infection is a vital cause of maternal mortality and morbidity, especially in resource-limited countries. The rise of antibiotic resistance bacterial infection poses a big threat to this vulnerable population. However, there is lack of studies around the study area. Objective The purpose of this study was to identify bacterial profile, antibacterial resistance pattern, and associated factors among mothers attending postnatal care health service. Methods Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted on 107 study participants at University of Gondar Teaching Hospital from 1 January 2016 to 30 May 2016. Wound swab, aspirate, and biopsy were collected and performed for culture and drug resistance testing. Data were entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were fitted to determine the associated factors for bacterial infection. Odds ratio (95% CI) was calculated to determine the strength of statistically significant associated factors. Result Bacterial growth was confirmed in 90 (84.1%) of 107 study participants suspected to have surgical site infection. The predominant bacterial isolates were S. aureus (41.6%), E. coli (19.8%), K. pneumoniae (13.9%), coagulase negative Staphylococcus (12.9%), and Enterobacter spp. (4%). The majority of isolates were resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin, and tetracycline but susceptible to ceftriaxone and amikacin. Multidrug-resistant bacteria species were isolated. Using a procedure such as cesarean section and episiotomy for delivery and premature rapture of membrane had strong association with bacterial infection. Conclusion The high prevalence of bacterial profile and isolation of multidrug-resistant bacteria pose a big threat to postnatal mothers and their children. Factors such as cesarean section, episiotomy for delivery, and premature rapture of membrane were predictors for bacterial infection. Therefore, there should be done a continuous surveillance as well as rational use of antibiotics and a longitudinal study using phenotypic and genotypic methods will be done.

The Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Bacterial Profile of Cesarean Surgical Site Infections at a University Teaching Hospital in South Western Uganda

“…In our study, there is high sensitivity to cephalosporins and quinolones and wide spread resistance to penicillin such as ampicillin. This is comparable to other study findings [18]. This may be attributed to the irrational use of commonly available antibiotics within the low resource settings.…”

“…Other studies done in sub-Saharan Africa also isolated similar micro-organisms such as S. aureus, E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, coagulase negative staphylococcus. S. aureus has been isolated as the most prevalent micro-organism [2,15,18,19]. In our study, there is high sensitivity to cephalosporins and quinolones and wide spread resistance to penicillin such as ampicillin.…”

Microbial epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance patterns of wound infection in Ethiopia: a meta-analysis of laboratory-based cross-sectional studies

“…Twenty one studies with a total of 4284 wound samples, 3012 positive cultures and 3598 bacterial isolates were included for systematic review and meta-analysis. This review included a wide range of wound samples taken from various patient sources including patients surgical wounds [24–32], patients with non-surgical and/or combined wound infections [33–40], patients with fracture [41], patients with burn [42, 43], and patients with leprotic wound infections [44]. The study period of included studies ranges from 2000 to 2018 and three of which were published before 2010 [30, 39, 41].…”

Implementing a combined infection prevention and control with antimicrobial stewardship joint program to prevent caesarean section surgical site infections and antimicrobial resistance: a Tanzanian tertiary hospital experience

“…The significant reduction of gram-positive strains isolated and the lower MRSA prevalence in the second survey are noteworthy. This is likely a consequence of the AMS education and on-job training which dramatically affected the health care workers' attitude and behaviour towards antibiotic prescription and IPC [31]. By avoiding unnecessary use of ceftriaxone in the post-operative period, the intervention may have contributed to the reduction in MRSA rates in the second survey.…”