Bacterial quantification of open wounds

Robson, M. C.; Heggers, J. P.; Klingbeil, Jerome R.

doi:10.1097/00006534-196909000-00051

Cited by 24 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In this study, quantification was determined by using superficial wound swab samples. Similar observations, placing emphasis on counts in tissue biopsy specimens, were reported in studies involving skin graft survival in experimental wounds inoculated with various types of bacteria (126), pressure ulcer healing (203), and delayed closure of surgical wounds (204,205). Aligned with this early work and in recognition of the fact that quantitative culture of tissue biopsy specimens was demanding on the microbiology laboratory (102) and was of minimal value in facilitating prompt wound management (202), a rapid Gram stain technique was shown to reliably predict a microbial load of Ͼ10…”

Section: Significance Of Microorganisms In Woundssupporting

confidence: 63%

Wound Microbiology and Associated Approaches to Wound Management

2001

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The majority of dermal wounds are colonized with aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms that originate predominantly from mucosal surfaces such as those of the oral cavity and gut. The role and significance of microorganisms in wound healing has been debated for many years. While some experts consider the microbial density to be critical in predicting wound healing and infection, others consider the types of microorganisms to be of greater importance. However, these and other factors such as microbial synergy, the host immune response, and the quality of tissue must be considered collectively in assessing the probability of infection. Debate also exists regarding the value of wound sampling, the types of wounds that should be sampled, and the sampling technique required to generate the most meaningful data. In the laboratory, consideration must be given to the relevance of culturing polymicrobial specimens, the value in identifying one or more microorganisms, and the microorganisms that should be assayed for antibiotic susceptibility. Although appropriate systemic antibiotics are essential for the treatment of deteriorating, clinically infected wounds, debate exists regarding the relevance and use of antibiotics (systemic or topical) and antiseptics (topical) in the treatment of nonhealing wounds that have no clinical signs of infection. In providing a detailed analysis of wound microbiology, together with current opinion and controversies regarding wound assessment and treatment, this review has attempted to capture and address microbiological aspects that are critical to the successful management of microorganisms in wounds

show abstract

Section: Significance Of Microorganisms In Woundssupporting

confidence: 63%

Wound Microbiology and Associated Approaches to Wound Management

2001

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This may be a source of potential bias; however, we sought to minimize this by analyzing radiographs at the completion of data collection. It is possible that other parameters not collected by the research team, such as wound bioburden [3,12,17] may be associated with both outcomes. In addition, the inflammatory patterns observed in patients who have HO form may be evident sooner than was measured in this study, or that primary HO prophylaxis might not be effective at the time at which these samples were collected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Inflammatory Markers Portend Heterotopic Ossification and Wound Failure in Combat Wounds?

Forsberg

Potter

Polfer

et al. 2014

Clinical Orthopaedics &Amp; Related Research

107

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background After a decade of war in Iraq and Afghanistan, we have observed an increase in combat-related injury survival and a paradoxical increase in injury severity, mainly because of the effects of blasts. These severe injuries have a devastating effect on each patient's immune system resulting in massive upregulation of the systemic inflammatory response. By examining inflammatory mediators, preliminary data suggest that it may be possible to correlate complications such as wound failure and heterotopic ossification (HO) with distinct systemic and local inflammatory profiles, but this is a relatively new topic. Questions/purposes We asked whether systemic or local markers of inflammation could be used as an objective means, independent of demographic and subjective factors, to estimate the likelihood of (1) HO and/or (2) wound failure (defined as wounds requiring surgical débridement after definitive closure, or wounds that were not closed or covered within 21 days of injury) in patients sustaining combat wounds. Methods Two hundred combat wounded active-duty service members who sustained high-energy extremity The institution of one or more of the authors (JAF) has received, during the study period, funding from a grant from the Orthopaedic Trauma Research Program (OTRP) and the US Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery Advance Medical Development Program. All ICMJE Conflict of Interest Forms for authors and Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research editors and board members are on file with the publication and can be viewed on request. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research neither advocates nor endorses the use of any treatment, drug, or device. Readers are encouraged to always seek additional information, including FDAapproval status, of any drug or device prior to clinical use. Each author certifies that his or her institution approved the human protocol for this investigation, that all investigations were conducted in conformity with ethical principles of research, and that informed consent for participation in the study was obtained. This work was performed at the Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA, and the National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA. The views expressed this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of Defense, nor the U.S. Government. This study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Boards at both the National Military Medical Center and Naval Medical Research Center in compliance with all applicable Federal regulations governing the protection of human subjects. One or more of the authors is a military service member (or employee of the U.S. Government). This work was prepared as part of his or her official duties. Title 17 U.S.C §105 provides that 'Copyright protection under this title is not available for any work of the United States Government.' Title 17 U.S.C §101 defines a U.S. Government work as a work prepared by a military service ...

show abstract

“…One procedure that has been utilized, both in animals and humans, is the quantitation of bacteria in infected tissues. Various methods and techniques have been devised for this quantitation, ranging from the classical tissue homogenization method (11) to various types of surfacesampling techniques using moist swabs (4), gauze pads (2), impression pads (8), suture counts (18), and other more elaborate procedures (17,19). To utilize the experimental surgical-wound infections for screening purposes, it was necessary to have a method of quantitation that would be facile to perform and yet would yield accurate results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Quantitation of Experimental Surgical-Wound Infections Used to Evaluate Topical Antibacterial Agents

McRipley¹,

Whitney²

1976

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Reproducible experimental surgical-wound infections in mice for use in the evaluation of topical antibacterial agents are described. The experimental wound was created on the backs of mice by means of a midline incision and was infected by means of cotton sutures monocontaminated with Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The course of these wound infections was followed by quantitation of surface bacteria through use of a surface rinse technique. Surface wound counts of the infecting organisms thus obtained appeared to reflect the dynamics of the total wound count, as determined by homogenization of biopsied tissue. Treatment of infected wounds with a placebo cream had only a slight effect on surface wound counts and on mortality in the case of the S. aureus infection but enhanced markedly the lethality of the P. aeruginosa infection.The search for new drugs effective as topical antibacterial agents requires the careful and systematic evaluation of drugs not only in vitro but also in vivo, i.e., in the control and management of experimental infections. Several model infections for evaluating topical antibacterial agents have been developed in laboratory animals (5-7, 9, 18, 19, 21) and in humans (3,14,15,20). Although many of the models have proved to be effective in assessing topical agents, most of them do not lend themselves easily to a mass screening of potential agents. This paper describes and characterizes a relatively simple surgical-wound model in mice in which potential topical antibacterial drugs can be evaluated easily and expeditiously against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa wound infections.MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals. Female CF-1 mice, 18 to 20 g, purchased from a commercial source (Carworth Farms, New City, N.Y.) were used in all experiments. Mice were maintained, 10 to a cage, on wire, in temperatureand humidity-controlled quarters and were allowed food and water ad libitum.Test organisms. S. aureus SC 2406 (phage type 53/77/84/85) and P. aeruginosa SC 8822, clinical isolates from the departmental culture collection, were used as test organisms. The two organisms were maintained on brain heart infusion (BHI) agar (BBL) slants stored at 4 C, with transfers to fresh slants made monthly. For each experiment, a fresh slant was inoculated from the appropriate stock culture and incubated at 37 C for 18 h. After incubation, the growth was removed from the slant by washing with 0.1 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.2, and the resulting suspension was adjusted to a concentration of 2.0 x 109 cells/ml by use of a Klett-Summerson colorimeter with a 540-nm filter and a previously prepared standard curve. The suspension was then appropriately diluted and used for the contamination of sutures or the direct seeding of the experimental wounds. Preparation of contaminated sutures. Commercial cotton thread (Coats and Clark's, mercerized, size 8) monocontaminated with S. aureus or P. aeruginosa was used as the suture material to initiate and potentiate the experimental infection. The thread ...

show abstract

Bacterial quantification of open wounds

Cited by 24 publications

References 0 publications

Wound Microbiology and Associated Approaches to Wound Management

Wound Microbiology and Associated Approaches to Wound Management

Do Inflammatory Markers Portend Heterotopic Ossification and Wound Failure in Combat Wounds?

Characterization and Quantitation of Experimental Surgical-Wound Infections Used to Evaluate Topical Antibacterial Agents

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About