Bacterial Ribosome

Nomura, Masayasu

doi:10.1128/mmbr.34.3.228-277.1970

Cited by 102 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 244 publications

(370 reference statements)

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“…The occurrence of a ribosome cycle in eukaryotes, similar to that shown for bacteria (see Lengyel & Soll, 1969;Nomura, 1970;Davis, 1971, for reviews and references), has now been demonstrated. Jacobs-Lorena & Baglioni (1970) have shown that native ribosomal subunits (labelled in their RNA) isolated from HeLa cells and added to the reticulocyte cell-free protein synthesizing system, first of all enter into polysomes and are then converted to monomeric ribosomes.…”

Section: (5) the Ribosome Cyclesupporting

confidence: 56%

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Biochemistry of Protein Synthesis in Plants

1972

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Section: (5) the Ribosome Cyclesupporting

confidence: 56%

“…The structure of ribosomes has been the subject of recent reviews (Lengyel & Soll, 1969; Spirin, 1969;Spirin & Gavrilova, 1969;Nomura, 1970), and will not be discussed here.…”

Section: (6) the Significance Of Free And Membrane-bound (Mb) Polysommentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemistry of Protein Synthesis in Plants

1972

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“…Christopher CLEGCI and Dona1 HAYES Laboratoire de Chimie Cellulaire, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris (Received September 1,1973) Treatment of both the 30-5 and 50-S ribosomal subunits of Escherichia coli with dimethyl suberimidate, a cross-linking agent specific for protein amino groups, resulted in the formation of new protein species detectable by acrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecylsulfate. These new species were shown to contain two or more ribosomal proteins linked together and, after cleaving the cross-links with ammonia, these constituents were identified by two-dimensional electrophoresis.…”

Section: Identification Of Neighbouring Proteins In the Ribosomes Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Neighbouring Proteins in the Ribosomes of Escherichia coli. A Topographical Study with the Cross-Linking Reagent Dimethyl Suberimidate

Clegg¹,

Hayes²

1974

Eur J Biochem

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Treatment of both the 30-5 and 50-S ribosomal subunits of Escherichia coli with dimethyl suberimidate, a cross-linking agent specific for protein amino groups, resulted in the formation of new protein species detectable by acrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecylsulfate. These new species were shown to contain two or more ribosomal proteins linked together and, after cleaving the cross-links with ammonia, these constituents were identified by two-dimensional electrophoresis.Although the macromolecular species involved in the structure of the bacterial ribosome are now well defined [ 11, little is known about the topographical relationships between them. Until recently, their investigation has been collfined to the use of specific chemical reagents [2] or trypsin [2-61 to differentiate between relatively sensitive and insensitive species of protein. In the case of the 30-5 subunit of Escherichia coli these data show a striking correlation with the assembly sequence in vitro described by Mizushima and Nomura [7]; proteins added relatively late in the sequence are in general less sensitive to the reagent than those added later. These results have been taken to indicate that the earlyadded proteins are buried within the ribosomal structure and are therefore less accessible to reagents than the exposed, later-added proteins. However, have ahown that the relative sensitivities of the proteins of both the 30-5 and 5 0 3 subunits to trypsin are unaffected by the complete unfolding of the particles. It is clear that the relationship between sensitivity to reagents and location of the protein within the ribosome is ambiguous.The topographical relationships between components of the ribosome can be studied more concretely by the use of bifunctional reagents which introduce cross-links between adjacent constituents. Under favourable circumstances the identification of two cross-linked proteins may be made even when they are joined by an irreversible reaction, as in the case of the linking together of proteins Sl8 and 521 by [9] to be of great value in identifying proteins while they are still cross-linked into the complex. The alternative approach used here is to employ a cross-linking agent whose reaction is reversible under suitable conditions so that the original proteins can be regenerated from the cross-linked product. The bis-imido esters are suitable reagents, in that the amidine groups which they form with protein amino groups are broken by treatment with ammonia to give the original proteins again [lo, 111. Dimethyl suberimidate has been used to generate inter-chain crosslinks between the proteins of bacterial ribosomes [13]. While the present work was nearing completion, two groups working on the 30-5 subunits reported the identification of proteins involved in complexes cross-linked by dimethyl suberimidate 1141 or dimethyl adipimidate [9]. Here we report the identification of groups of cross-linked proteins in the 30-S and 50-5 subunits by the two-dimensional electrophoresis technique [15]. A preliminar...

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“…It is remarkable that streptomycin-resistant mutants are unable to produce 4R mutants but are able to produce KR mutants instead. It is known that, in other bacteria, mutants resistant to streptomycin and other aminoglycoside antibiotics have altered ribosomes (1,3,11,12). If the resistance of M. tuberculosis to aminoglycoside-and peptide-antibiotics also is produced by an altered ribosome, it is possible that the presence of an already altered ribosome by mutation to streptomycin resistance interferes with the formation of a ribosome required for the 4R phenotype and, instead of the ribosome required for the 4R phenotype, produces the ribosome for the KR phenotype.…”

Section: Interaction Between Mutation To Streptomycin Resistance and mentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on the Cross‐Resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Strain H37Rv, to Aminoglycoside‐ and Peptide‐Antibiotics

Tsukamura

Matsumoto

1980

Microbiology and Immunology

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Various phenotypes of the resistance to aminoglycoside-and peptideantibiotics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H37Rv were produced by single-and/ or two-step selection of the parent strain. Mutants obtained by single-step selection with antibiotics were classified into ten phenotypes; one of single resistance, two of triple resistance, three of quadruple resistance, and four of sextuple resistance. There were two kinds of sextuple resistance (high resistance to enviomycin, viomycin, capreomycin, kanamycin, lividomycin, and paromomycin). One was isolated from the parent strain by single-step selection and could be eliminated by mutation to isoniazid resistance, the other was obtained by two-step selections and was not eliminated by mutation to isoniazid resistance. Interaction between mutation to streptomycin resistance and mutation to quadruple resistance (4R phenotype) was observed. Streptomycin resistance interfered with the formation of the 4R phenotype and produced a different phenotype, KR instead of the 4R phenotype. The existence of mutation of the 4R phenotype did not usually interfere with mutation to streptomycin resistance, but a small portion of the mutants with the 4R phenotype were altered in their phenotype from 4R to KR after addition of the mutation to streptomycin resistance. This effect of the mutation to streptomycin resistance was not observed in mutants which already had a mutation to klR phenotype (mutation to low concentrations of kanamycin only).Infection due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the most important subject of chemotherapy with aminoglycoside-and peptide-antibiotics. Nevertheless, studies of the system of resistance to these antibiotics, in which M. tuberculosis was used as the test strain, are very scanty. Previously, Tsukamura and Mizuno (7) reported that multiply (triply, quadruply, and sextuply) resistant mutants of M. tuberculosis strain H37Rv could be isolated by single-step selection with an antibiotic, and that the occurrence of the mutants could be the origin of the cross-resistance phenomena . Later, it was observed that the sextuple resistance was eliminated by mutation to isoniazid resistance or by incubation at high temperatures, whereas the quadruple resistance was not eliminated by these treatments (6). The present study provides further information on the resistance system of this organism : the effect of double mutations, interaction between mutation to streptomycin resistance and mutation 777

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Bacterial Ribosome

Cited by 102 publications

References 244 publications

Biochemistry of Protein Synthesis in Plants

Biochemistry of Protein Synthesis in Plants

Identification of Neighbouring Proteins in the Ribosomes of Escherichia coli. A Topographical Study with the Cross-Linking Reagent Dimethyl Suberimidate

Studies on the Cross‐Resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Strain H37Rv, to Aminoglycoside‐ and Peptide‐Antibiotics

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