Bacterial risk reduction by improved donor arm disinfection, diversion and bacterial screening

McDonald, Carl

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3148.2006.00697.x

Cited by 52 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 120 publications

(137 reference statements)

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“…These interventions each had a significant impact on contamination rates that were assessed on routine quality control testing and declined over this time, which is in line with experience reported from other centres [5][6][7].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 63%

Bacterial Pre-Release Testing of Platelets – the Australian Red Cross Blood Service Clinical Experience

Borosak

Wood

2011

Transfus Med Hemother

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The risk of bacterial transmission by platelet transfusion has been recognised internationally as the leading residual infections transfusion risk in the last decade. We describe the clinical and logistical aspects of bacterial contamination screening of platelets introduced in Australia in early 2008. Sampling occurs at 24 h, and platelets are released to hospitals ‘negative to date’. Bacterial screening detection of initial machine-positive (IMP) and all follow-up results are notified to transfusing laboratories. Results of screening between 2008 and 2010 found a significant rate of IMP samples (1.06%) with a true- positive/indeterminate rate of 0.18%. Components were already transfused in 32.5% of cases at time of initial notification. Confirmed cases of septic transfusion reactions have declined significantly since the introduction of pre- release platelet screening, reflecting an important additional improvement in transfusion safety in Australia.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 63%

Bacterial Pre-Release Testing of Platelets – the Australian Red Cross Blood Service Clinical Experience

Borosak

Wood

2011

Transfus Med Hemother

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“…The consensus of some studies is to use a late sampling strategy in combination with rapid detection methods (3,23 ). Another approach to prevent transfusion-transmitted bacterial infection is the use of PRT; however, concerns remain regarding the effectiveness, cost, and risks of PRT (1,24,25 ). In contrast, there is a comparatively marginal risk in the introduction of a screening test.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To increase the safety of PLTs, there have been 2 different approaches: pathogen reduction techniques (PRTs) and bacterial screening. Present concerns with PRTs are cost, process control, ability to inactivate high titers of viruses, bacterial spores, product damage, genotoxicity, and mutagenicity (1 ). The predictive value of culture methods and the negative-to-date release concept have not been adequate with regard to decreasing infection risks of PLTs (4, 6, 8 -10 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Novel Flow Cytometry–Based Screening for Bacterial Contamination of Donor Platelet Preparations Compared with Other Rapid Screening Methods

2009

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Background: Bacterial contamination is the major infectious hazard associated with transfusion of platelet preparations (PLTs). Routine testing for bacterial contamination in PLTs has become common, but transfusion-transmitted bacterial sepsis has not been eliminated. Here, we describe a novel flow cytometry–based method for point-of-issue screening of PLTs for bacterial contamination. Methods: We used the BactiFlow flow cytometer to detect and count bacteria based on esterase activity in viable cells. We compared the assay to incubation (BacT/Alert culture system) and rapid nucleic acid–based or immunoassay (reverse transcription PCR, Pan Genera Detection) methods. Results: We established a protocol for bacterial screening of PLTs consisting of enzymatic digestion and centrifugal filtration for the elimination of viable platelets and selective labeling of bacteria with fluorescent esterase substrate (ChemChrome V23). Results from the BactiFlow showed an excellent correlation (r = 0.9923 E. coli, r = 0.9736 S. epidermidis) to traditional plate count results. The lower detection limit of the assay was determined to be 150 CFU/mL, and the time to result was <1 h. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that BactiFlow flow cytometry is suitable for rapid screening of PLTs for bacterial contamination and fulfils the requirements for a point-of-issue testing of PLTs with acceptable time to result, specificity, sensitivity, and cost.

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“…Donor skin flora, donor asymptomatic bacteria and contamination during product processing are three primary sources of bacterial contamination [6]. Beside donor arm derived is the major source [7]. For reducing this risk attempt on improvement of the skin disinfection procedure and detection of contaminating agents affecting platelets during preparation procedure have an important role.…”

Section: Background and Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Sensitivity and Specificity of Use of Glucose and pH for Bacterial Screening of Platelet Concentrates Compared to the Bact/Alert

Razjou

Naghadeh

Ferdowsi

et al. 2016

Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus

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Bacterial contamination of blood components is the major infectious risk in transfusion medicine. Since platelets should be stored at room temperature that makes them an excellent growth medium for bacteria; it is mentioned as a major problem in transfusion medicine. Transfusion risk of a bacterial contaminated platelet concentrate is higher than viral pathogen such as HIV, HBV, HCV and HTLV. The objective of this study was to evaluation of the sensitivity and specificity of use of glucose and pH for bacterial screening of platelet concentrates compared to the Bact/Alert. 1332 platelet concentrates were screened by the Bact/Alert system for aerobic and anaerobic bacterial contamination. Bacterial contamination was also evaluated by using urine reagent strips (Multistix10 SG Bayer) and culture methods. Moreover PH screening with a pH meter (Metrohm 744 Swiss) and glucose was also used for detection of bacterial contamination. The rate of bacterial contamination detected by the Bact/Alert system in platelet concentrates was 25 in 1332 (1.9 %). It contained 15 (1.1 %) for aerobic bacteria and 10 (.8 %) for anaerobic bacteria. 226 of 1332 were considered as containing bacteria by using urine reagent strips. Six of the 226 units were also positive by the Bact/Alert system. Three of those units were culture positive for aerobic bacteria and three for anaerobic. The result of platelet concentrates that underwent pH screening by use of pH meter and a pH portion of urine reagent strips was the same. The sensitivity and specificity of considering glucose alone for detection of bacterial contamination were 12 and 98 % respectively. For pH alone, these were 24 and 83 %. For glucose and/or pH, these were 24 and 83 %; and for combination of glucose and pH, these were 12 and 98 %. Our results showed use of glucose/pH strips would improve the safety of blood products and should be encouraged.

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Bacterial risk reduction by improved donor arm disinfection, diversion and bacterial screening

Cited by 52 publications

References 120 publications

Bacterial Pre-Release Testing of Platelets – the Australian Red Cross Blood Service Clinical Experience

Bacterial Pre-Release Testing of Platelets – the Australian Red Cross Blood Service Clinical Experience

Novel Flow Cytometry–Based Screening for Bacterial Contamination of Donor Platelet Preparations Compared with Other Rapid Screening Methods

Evaluation of the Sensitivity and Specificity of Use of Glucose and pH for Bacterial Screening of Platelet Concentrates Compared to the Bact/Alert

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