Bacterial soft rot of irish potatoes as influenced by sublethal temperatures

Bacterial Endophytes: Potential Role in Developing Sustainable Systems of Crop Production

“…Zucker and Hankin (1970) showed that normally nonpathogenic isolates of Pseudomonas fluorescens displayed pathogenic properties once the 'defense-mechanisms' of potato tubers were inhibited by cycloheximide. Other conditions known to initiate bacterial breakdown in potato tubers include disturbed host physiology (Rose and Schomer, 1944), exposure to high but sublethal temperatures (35°C) (Meneley and Stanghellini, 1972;Neilson and Todd, 1946), CO 2 accumulation, or O 2 depletion (Lund and Wyatt, 1972) or after inoculation with fungi such as Pythium aphanidermatum (Stanghellini and Russell, 1971), P. debaryanum, or Phytophthora erythroseptica (Sturdy and Cole, 1974). Stanghellini and Russell (1971) induced endophytic bacteria to cause potato seed-piece decay when inoculated with fungal spores, although fungal infection was not reported to have occurred.…”

Effect of Sublethal and Lethal Temperature on Plant Cells

“…In initial stages of heat injury,, the effect is reversible but finally leads to "thermal death". Nielsen and Todd (13) found that the permeability of cell membranes of potato tubers was increased by heating to sulblethal temperatures of 43 to 45°. To determine the injury to cells from exposure to high temperatures, Alexandrov (1) used such criteria as suppression of plasmnolysis and deplasmolysis, exit of pigments from the vacuole, loss of vital staining, luminescence of the chloroplasts, and the cessation of protoplasmic streaming.…”

Effect of Temperature and Exposure Time on Cambium Cell Viability In Vitro for Eucalyptus Species

“…When assessing such insulating properties of the bark, heat from an external heat source is applied while the bark is intact in the log or standing tree. Subsequently, heat insulation of the bark is quantified by measuring the time required for heat to transfer through the bark towards the vascular cambium potentially raising the cambium temperature to 60 • C [6,12,20,21,29,30]. However, when assessing the thermal damage to cambium cells, instead of only measuring the heat residence time for which the cambium was exposed to 60 • C, the heat residence time of cambium exposure to temperatures above >40 • C should also be considered.…”

“…Therefore, to develop a better understanding of heat impacts on cambium cell viability, it is essential to describe the interaction between temperature and time of exposure to raised temperature. Evidence for the decline in viability of cells with extended exposure to temperatures less than 60 • C comes from studies by Nielsen and Todd [21], who identified 43 • C-45 • C as the sublethal temperature for potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum L.), and Daniell et al [22], who identified temperatures from 43 • C to 52 • C as the sublethal range (and temperature above 52 • C as the lethal range) for leaf cells of Soybean (Glycine max L.) and Elodea (Elodea canadensis Michx.). For the purpose of this study, 40 • C to 50 • C was considered the sublethal temperature range and temperatures above 50 • C were considered as lethal for cambium-phloem tissue samples.…”