Bacterial spondylitis of the thoracic spine

Abstract

Introduction: Spinal osteomyelitis, or spondylitis, is an inflammation of spinal column elements caused by various factors, including trauma, autoimmune, and infectious diseases. Bacterial spondylitis, the most severe form, often arises from hematogenous infection spread and can lead to serious outcomes, such as neurological disorders, spinal deformities, sepsis, and even death. The incidence of bacterial spondylitis is increasing, particularly among individuals over 50 years of age with risk factors like systemic diseases and immunosuppression. The article examines the pathways of infection spread, modern diagnostic methods (CT, MRI, bacteriological and genetic methods), and treatment approaches with an emphasis on surgical strategies. Clinical case description: This paper presents a clinical case of bacterial osteomyelitis of the upper thoracic spine in a 65-year-old female patient with a history of non-specific infectious polyarthritis. The patient's history, clinical symptoms, and MRI findings are described. The paper also provides details on the transmanubrial approach for optimal corpectomy and subsequent stabilization with a titanium plate. Conclusion: Spinal osteomyelitis remains a complex issue requiring highly skilled surgical intervention. The use of modern diagnostic methods and personalized treatment is expected to reduce complications and improve outcomes in patients with infectious spinal lesions.