Bacterial Symbiotes, Their Presence in Head Lice, and Potential Treatment Avenues

Burkhart, Craig N.; Burkhart, Craig G.

doi:10.1007/7140.2006.00003

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…This is probably because the antibiotic is ingested by the louse and affects its symbiotic bacteria [73]. These bacteria are essential for louse survival, and treatments directed at them might provide alternative means of louse control [74]. There is also a report of the effi cacy of oral thiabendazole [75].…”

Section: 20mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diseases Caused by Arthropods and Other Noxious Animals

Burns

2010

Rook's Textbook of Dermatology

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Section: 20mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diseases Caused by Arthropods and Other Noxious Animals

Burns

2010

Rook's Textbook of Dermatology

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“…These symbionts are so important that most bloodsuckers store them in bacteriocytes or mycetocytes (Douglas 1989), cells that coat the ventricle of the mesenteron in the tsetse fly or in specialized organs known as mycetomes, present, for example, in lice (Anoplura) (Burkhart and Burkhart 2006). It is well known that the phytophagous hemipterans frequently host symbionts whose primary function is the synthesis of essential nutrients in specialized cavities or caeca of the mesenteron or in the mycetocytes (McCutcheon et al 2009;Chapman 2013).…”

Section: Mutualist Microorganismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of hematophagous habit in Triatominae (Heteroptera: Reduviidae)

Otálora-Luna

Pérez-Sánchez

Sandoval

et al. 2015

Rev. Chil. de Hist. Nat.

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All members of Triatominae subfamily (Heteroptera: Reduviidae), potential vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, etiologic agent of the Chagas disease, feed on blood. Through evolution, these bugs have fixed special morphological, physiological, and behavioral aptations (adaptations and exaptations) adequate to feed on blood. Phylogeny suggests that triatomines evolved from predator reduvids which in turn descended from phytophagous hemipterans. Some pleisiomorphic traits developed by the reduvid ancestors of the triatomines facilitated and modeled hematophagy in these insects. Among them, mouthparts, saliva composition, enzymes, and digestive symbionts are the most noticeable. However, the decisive step that allowed the shift from predation to hematophagy was a change of behavior. The association of a predator reduvid with nesting vertebrate (≈110 to 32 Ma) permitted the shift from an arthropod prey to a vertebrate host. In this work, we review the phylogeny and dispersion of triatomines and the current controversy over the monophyly or polyphyly of this group. We also discuss how these insects were able to overcome, and even have taken advantage of, diverse ancestral and physical barriers to adapt to sucking blood of nidicolous vertebrates. We provide a Spanish version of this work.

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“…The better‐known body lice primary endosymbiont is Riesia pediculicola ( Candidatus Riesia pediculicola ), a member of the family Enterobacteriaceae . They are located intracellularly in specialized structures called bacteriome (mycetome), which are visible in the lice abdomen as a ring of enlarged midgut cells, and divided internally by a series of septa, with endosymbionts living in‐between . Symbiosis between P. humanus and R. pediculicola is characterized by sequential development of different mycetomal stages, with migration of the endosymbionts from the stomach disc in nymphal stages to the ovarial ampullae of female, causing infection of oocytes .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endosymbiosis and its significance in dermatology

Kubiak

Sielawa

Chen

et al. 2017

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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Proposed at the beginning of the twentieth century to explain the origin of eukaryotic organelles from prokaryotes, endosymbiosis is now medically defined by various interaction patterns between microorganisms and their residing hosts, best exemplified by the bacterial endosymbiont Wolbachia identified in arthropods and filarial nematodes, which can influence normal development, reproduction, survival and transmission of the hosts. Based on the transmission modes, vertical or horizontal, and the function of the endosymbionts, the host–symbiont dependence can be divided into primary or secondary. In dermatology, the role of endosymbionts in skin ectoparasitosis has aroused great interests in the past years. Riesia pediculicola is a primary bacterial endosymbiont in body lice Pediculus humanus, and supplement their hosts with vitamin B, especially pantothenic acid. In cimicosis, the Gram‐negative Wolbachia can synthesize biotin and riboflavin, which are crucial for the growth and reproduction of the bedbug Cimex lectularius. In human demodicosis and rosacea, further study is required to prove the pathogenic role of the Gram‐negative bacteria Bacillus oleronius or the Gram‐positive bacteria Bacillus cereus demonstrated in the Demodex mites. The high infection rate of adult female ticks Ixodes ricinus with the Gram‐negative bacteria Midichloria mitochondrii present in the mitochondria in diverse ovarian cells, with the high seroprevalence rate in tick‐exposed subjects, raises the possibility that this non‐pathogenic endosymbiont may play a role in immune response and successful transmission of the tick‐borne pathogen. The anaerobic protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis and bacteria Mycoplasma hominis are two obligate parasites in the urogenital epithelium, with partially overlapping symptoms. Intracellular localization of Mycoplasma hominis can avoid host immune response and penetration of antibiotics, while Trichomonas vaginalis infected with Mycoplasma hominis seems to have a higher cytopathic activity and amoeboid transformation rate. Further study on the biology and pathogenesis of different endosymbionts in dermatological parasitosis will help for the development of new treatment modalities.

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Bacterial Symbiotes, Their Presence in Head Lice, and Potential Treatment Avenues

Cited by 8 publications

References 42 publications

Diseases Caused by Arthropods and Other Noxious Animals

Diseases Caused by Arthropods and Other Noxious Animals

Evolution of hematophagous habit in Triatominae (Heteroptera: Reduviidae)

Endosymbiosis and its significance in dermatology

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