Bacterial toxin-antitoxin systems: Novel insights on toxin activation across populations and experimental shortcomings

Pizzolato-Cezar, Luis R.; Spira, Beny; Machini, M. Teresa

doi:10.1016/j.crmicr.2023.100204

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 215 publications

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“…These strategies include secretion systems that introduce effector molecules into competitors, rendering the recipient cells inactive via interaction with essential targets [4,5]. Similarly, mobile genetic elements (MGEs) utilize strategies to target essential pathways to mediate retention within host cells (for recent reviews, please see [6][7][8][9]). MGEs are genetic material that can mobilize within communities including bacteriophage, plasmids, transposons, and even the recently discovered borgs [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Friend or Foe: Protein Inhibitors of DNA Gyrase

Ruan,

Tu,

Bourne

2024

Biology

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DNA gyrase is essential for the successful replication of circular chromosomes, such as those found in most bacterial species, by relieving topological stressors associated with unwinding the double-stranded genetic material. This critical central role makes gyrase a valued target for antibacterial approaches, as exemplified by the highly successful fluoroquinolone class of antibiotics. It is reasonable that the activity of gyrase could be intrinsically regulated within cells, thereby helping to coordinate DNA replication with doubling times. Numerous proteins have been identified to exert inhibitory effects on DNA gyrase, although at lower doses, it can appear readily reversible and therefore may have regulatory value. Some of these, such as the small protein toxins found in plasmid-borne addiction modules, can promote cell death by inducing damage to DNA, resulting in an analogous outcome as quinolone antibiotics. Others, however, appear to transiently impact gyrase in a readily reversible and non-damaging mechanism, such as the plasmid-derived Qnr family of DNA-mimetic proteins. The current review examines the origins and known activities of protein inhibitors of gyrase and highlights opportunities to further exert control over bacterial growth by targeting this validated antibacterial target with novel molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, we are gaining new insights into fundamental regulatory strategies of gyrase that may prove important for understanding diverse growth strategies among different bacteria.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Friend or Foe: Protein Inhibitors of DNA Gyrase

Ruan,

Tu,

Bourne

2024

Biology

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“…They are also involved in various physiological activities in bacteria, including stress response, virulence, biofilm formation, antibiotic tolerance, and bacteriophage propagation [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Some of the functions of TAS have some degree of controversy; however, growing research in this area has shown the importance of TAS in bacterial lifestyle [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ].…”

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confidence: 99%