Bacterial Tracheitis and Septic Shock

Tak, Ramon O.; Semmekrot, B.A.; Warris, Adilia; Yntema, Jan Bart; Stelma, F.F.; Neeleman, C.

doi:10.1097/inf.0000000000000981

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…The main bacterial species involved in pseudomembranous laryngotracheobronchitis include S. aureus, H. influenzae, α-hemolytic Streptococcus, and Streptococcus pyogenes (1,3). Experts generally consider pseudomembranous laryngotracheobronchitis to be a combination of viral and bacterial infections, with the most common viruses including influenza, parainfluenza, respiratory syncytial, and human metapneumovirus (2,8,9). Aspergillus infection is a common cause of pseudomembranous laryngotracheobronchitis in adults (10); however, it has not been reported in children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pseudomembranous laryngotracheobronchitis due to coinfection with human bocavirus 1 and Mycoplasma pneumoniae: a case report

Wen¹,

Lin²,

Yu³

et al. 2021

Transl Pediatr

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Pseudomembranous laryngotracheobronchitis is rarely reported yet potentially lifethreatening infectious cause of airway obstruction in children. The causative organisms of this condition are often considered to promote bacterial superinfection following viral infection. We report a case of pseudomembranous laryngotracheobronchitis in a patient caused by human bocavirus 1 and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae). A 2-year-old child was admitted to our hospital presenting with cough, hoarseness, and labored breathing. Computed tomography of the chest revealed atelectasis of the right middle lobe of the lung with bronchostenosis and occlusion. Laryngeal edema, pseudomembrane formation and ulceration of the trachea were found during bronchoscopy. Chronic inflammation of the mucosa and local cellulose exudation with acute and chronic inflammatory cell infiltration were confirmed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Human bocavirus 1 and M. pneumoniae were detected in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid by next-generation sequencing. The patient tested positive for IgM antibodies against M. pneumoniae. Bronchoscopy was performed three times to clear the secretions in the airway, and azithromycin, ceftriaxone, methylprednisolone, budesonide inhalation, and ambroxol were administered as treatment. The patient's condition improved and she was discharged 21 days after admission. Clinicians should be aware of the potential involvement of human bocavirus 1 and M. pneumoniae in pseudomembranous laryngotracheobronchitis for accurate diagnosis and timely antibiotic administration, and to lower mortality and morbidity rates.

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