Bacterial Vaginosis, Ethnicity, and the Use of Genital Cleaning Agents: A Case Control Study

Rajamanoharan, Sasikala; Low, Nicola; Jones, Simon B.; Pozniak, Anton

doi:10.1097/00007435-199908000-00008

Cited by 98 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Most of the studies support the correlation between education level and vaginal douche habit (30,35,36) . Our study only shows a statistically significant correlation between income rate and vaginal douche habit and no significant correlation was depicted between vaginal douche habit and age, education level, employment status and duration of length of marriage.…”

Section: Agementioning

confidence: 67%

Vaginal douching behavior of women and relationship among vaginal douching and vaginal discharge and demographic factors

Sunay¹,

Kaya²,

Ergün³

2011

J Turk Soc Obstet Gynecol

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Section: Agementioning

confidence: 67%

Vaginal douching behavior of women and relationship among vaginal douching and vaginal discharge and demographic factors

Sunay¹,

Kaya²,

Ergün³

2011

J Turk Soc Obstet Gynecol

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“…This has led some to suggest that BV is not an infectious disease at all but rather a set of symptoms that reflect an ecological disturbance that is accompanied by changes in the relative abundance of autochthonous organisms in the vagina (http://www.cdc.gov/std/bv/STDFact-BacterialVaginosis). Curiously, the incidence of BV varies markedly among racial and ethnic groups (Rajamanoharan et al, 1999;Royce et al, 1999), ranging from 6% in Asians and 9% in whites, to 16% in Hispanics and 23% in African Americans. The reasons for differences in the incidence of BV among racial groups are unknown, but they cannot be explained by differences in socio-demographics, sexual activity, health behavior or hygiene alone (Goldenberg et al, 1996;Royce et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in the composition of vaginal microbial communities found in healthy Caucasian and black women

et al. 2007

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The maintenance of a low pH in the vagina through the microbial production of lactic acid is known to be an important defense against infectious disease in reproductive age women. Previous studies have shown that this is largely accomplished through the metabolism of lactic acid bacteria, primarily species of Lactobacillus. Despite the importance of this defense mechanism to women's health, differences in the species composition of vaginal bacterial communities among women have not been well defined, nor is it known if and how these differences might be linked to differences in the risk of infection. In this study, we defined and compared the species composition of vaginal bacterial communities in 144 Caucasian and black women in North America. This was carried out based on the profiles of terminal restriction fragments of 16S rRNA genes, and phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences of the numerically dominant microbial populations. Among all the women sampled, there were eight major kinds of vaginal communities ('supergroups') that occurred in the general populace at a frequency of at least 0.05 (P ¼ 0.99). From the distribution of these supergroups among women, it was possible to draw several conclusions. First, there were striking, statistically significant differences (P ¼ 0.0) in the rank abundance of community types among women in these racial groups. Second, the incidence of vaginal communities in which lactobacilli were not dominant was higher in black women (33%) as compared to Caucasian women (7%). Communities not dominated by lactobacilli had Atopobium and a diverse array of phylotypes from the order Clostridiales. Third, communities dominated by roughly equal numbers of more than one species of Lactobacillus were rare in black women, but common in Caucasian women. We postulate that because of these differences in composition, not all vaginal communities are equally resilient, and that differences in the vaginal microbiota of Caucasian and black women may at least partly account for known disparities in the susceptibility of women in these racial groups to bacterial vaginosis and sexually transmitted diseases.

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“…Many clinical studies suggest a possible association between douching and various health risks in women. These include pelvic inflammatory disease, 7,s bacterial vaginosis (BV), [9][10][11] chlamydia, le and other sexually transmitted infections including HIV, 13-1s miscarriages, 16 premature birth of low birth-weight infants, 17 ectopic pregnancy, ls, 19 and cervical cancer. 2o Although most published data argue against douching, 7-2 two studies indicated that douching might be medically beneficial.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Inhibition of Commercial Douche ProductsAgainst Vaginal Microflora

Pavlova

Tao

1999

Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology

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Bacterial Vaginosis, Ethnicity, and the Use of Genital Cleaning Agents: A Case Control Study

Cited by 98 publications

References 17 publications

Vaginal douching behavior of women and relationship among vaginal douching and vaginal discharge and demographic factors

Vaginal douching behavior of women and relationship among vaginal douching and vaginal discharge and demographic factors

Differences in the composition of vaginal microbial communities found in healthy Caucasian and black women

In Vitro Inhibition of Commercial Douche ProductsAgainst Vaginal Microflora

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