Bacterial Volatiles and Diagnosis of Respiratory Infections

Graham, James E.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-407679-2.00002-8

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…On the other hand, there are already studies in the literature which have used the entire VOC profile (non-targeted analysis) to successfully discriminate between diseased and non-infected animals ( 28 ). In this way, many research groups have highlighted the importance of considering the entire profile of VOCs released by specific pathogens and how these profiles can help discriminating between infecting pathogens, rather than relying on a limited number of biomarkers (targeted analysis) ( 118 ). However, non-targeted analysis does not identify compounds, making not feasible to gather information about the source of these compounds.…”

Section: Targeted Analysis Vs Non-targeted Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Volatilome Analysis to the Diagnosis of Mycobacteria Infection in Livestock

et al. 2021

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Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are small molecular mass metabolites which compose the volatilome, whose analysis has been widely employed in different areas. This innovative approach has emerged in research as a diagnostic alternative to different diseases in human and veterinary medicine, which still present constraints regarding analytical and diagnostic sensitivity. Such is the case of the infection by mycobacteria responsible for tuberculosis and paratuberculosis in livestock. Although eradication and control programs have been partly managed with success in many countries worldwide, the often low sensitivity of the current diagnostic techniques against Mycobacterium bovis (as well as other mycobacteria from Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex) and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis together with other hurdles such as low mycobacteria loads in samples, a tedious process of microbiological culture, inhibition by many variables, or intermittent shedding of the mycobacteria highlight the importance of evaluating new techniques that open different options and complement the diagnostic paradigm. In this sense, volatilome analysis stands as a potential option because it fulfills part of the mycobacterial diagnosis requirements. The aim of the present review is to compile the information related to the diagnosis of tuberculosis and paratuberculosis in livestock through the analysis of VOCs by using different biological matrices. The analytical techniques used for the evaluation of VOCs are discussed focusing on the advantages and drawbacks offered compared with the routine diagnostic tools. In addition, the differences described in the literature among in vivo and in vitro assays, natural and experimental infections, and the use of specific VOCs (targeted analysis) and complete VOC pattern (non-targeted analysis) are highlighted. This review emphasizes how this methodology could be useful in the problematic diagnosis of tuberculosis and paratuberculosis in livestock and poses challenges to be addressed in future research.

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Section: Targeted Analysis Vs Non-targeted Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Volatilome Analysis to the Diagnosis of Mycobacteria Infection in Livestock

et al. 2021

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“…For centuries, the characteristic odour produced by Clostridium perfringens has been used in recognizing gas gangrene, a severe skin and soft tissue infection [95]. Clinical diagnosis of infections via analysis of mVOCs is currently used to diagnose pulmonary [96] and Helicobacter pylori infections [97], and there is a growing body of literature proposing volatile markers associated with Staphylococcus aureus and other pathogens commonly associated with lung and skin infections [98], [99]. Early identification of mVOCs in wound infections could offer a non-invasive, painless and reproducible diagnostic approach that could enable earlier detection of infection before the onset of malodour, chronicity or necrosis.…”

Section: Microbial Volatiles As Diagnostic Tools For Non-invasive Detmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endogenous and microbial volatile organic compounds in cutaneous health and disease

Duffy

Morrin

2019

TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry

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Human skin is a region of high metabolic activity where a rich variety of biomarkers are secreted from the stratum corneum. The skin is a constant source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) derived from skin glands and resident microbiota. Skin VOCs contain the footprints of cellular activities and thus offer unique insights into the intricate processes of cutaneous physiology. This review examines the growing body of research on skin VOC markers as they relate to skin physiology, whereby variations in skin-intrinsic and microbial metabolic processes give rise to unique volatile profiles. Emerging evidence for volatile biomarkers linked to skin perturbations and skin cancer are examined. Microbial-derived VOCs are also investigated as prospective diagnostic markers, and their potential to shape the composition of the local skin microbiota, and consequently cutaneous health, is considered. Finally, a brief outlook on emerging analytical challenges and opportunities for skin VOC-based research and diagnostics is presented.

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“…Increasing evidence demonstrates that VOCs are unique to various disease states and their early detection could represent a useful means of diagnosis 14 – 16 . Breath analyses of VOCs released by microorganisms is already being used to diagnose pulmonary infection 17 . VOC sampling has the advantage of being painless, non-invasive and reproducible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of biofilm formation on human skin wound models and demonstration of clinically translatable bacteria-specific volatile signatures

Ashrafi

Frazer

Bates³

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Biofilms are major contributors to delayed wound healing and there is a need for clinically relevant experimental models to assess theranostics. Microorganisms release volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and the ability to identify these in infected cutaneous wounds could lead to efficient non-invasive diagnosis. The aims here were to develop and assess bacterial biofilm formation and identify their VOC profiles in an in vitro model and validate in human ex vivo incisional and excisional cutaneous wound models. Biofilm development was assessed using multiple microscopy techniques with biofilm-forming deficient controls and quantified using metabolic and biomass assays; and VOC production measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The production of most VOCs was affected by biofilm development and model used. Some VOCs were specific either for planktonic or biofilm growth. The relative abundance of some VOCs was significantly increased or decreased by biofilm growth phase (P < 0.05). Some Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa VOCs correlated with biofilm metabolic activity and biomass (R ≤ −0.5; ≥0.5). We present for the first time bacterial biofilm formation in human ex vivo cutaneous wound models and their specific VOC profiles. These models provide a vehicle for human skin-relevant biofilm studies and VOC detection has potential clinical translatability in efficient non-invasive diagnosis of wound infection.

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Bacterial Volatiles and Diagnosis of Respiratory Infections

Cited by 15 publications

References 97 publications

Application of Volatilome Analysis to the Diagnosis of Mycobacteria Infection in Livestock

Application of Volatilome Analysis to the Diagnosis of Mycobacteria Infection in Livestock

Endogenous and microbial volatile organic compounds in cutaneous health and disease

Validation of biofilm formation on human skin wound models and demonstration of clinically translatable bacteria-specific volatile signatures

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