Bactericidal Activity of Stabilized Chlorine Dioxide as an Endodontic Irrigant in a Polymicrobial Biofilm Tooth Model System

Lundstrom, John R.; Williamson, Anne E.; Villhauer, Alissa; Dawson, Deborah V.; Drake, David R.

doi:10.1016/j.joen.2010.08.032

Cited by 24 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Many models have been developed in an attempt to simulate the oral cavity [55,[60][61][62]. Innovative strategies have been incorporated, such as using a salivary medium and/or teeth as the substratum, to more closely simulate the in vivo environment.…”

Section: Oral Microcosmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Lundstrom et al developed an ex vivo translational model, using bovine incisors treated with mucin as the substratum for a dental biofilm. Different species of oral bacteria were inoculated into the model in three distinct colonization phases to assess the efficacy of bactericidal irrigation treatments during different phases of biofilm development [62]. …”

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confidence: 99%

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Biofilm Models of Polymicrobial Infection

2015

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Interactions between microbes are complex and play an important role in the pathogenesis of infections. These interactions can range from fierce competition for nutrients and niches to highly evolved cooperative mechanisms between different species that support their mutual growth. An increasing appreciation for these interactions, and desire to uncover the mechanisms that govern them, has resulted in a shift from monomicrobial to polymicrobial biofilm studies in different disease models. Here we provide an overview of biofilm models used to study select polymicrobial infections and highlight the impact that the interactions between microbes within these biofilms have on disease progression. Notable recent advances in the development of polymicrobial biofilm-associated infection models and challenges facing the study of polymicrobial biofilms are addressed. Polymicrobial interactions in biofilmsOver the past 2 decades there has been a revolutionary paradigm shift in the field of microbiology with the appreciation that bacteria present in most biological systems exist in biofilms, rather than in a free-living state. This understanding has dramatically changed the way we study bacteria in the laboratory and resulted in the development of many new experimental systems that replicate biofilm environments [1][2][3][4][5]. Studies utilizing these systems have demonstrated time and time again that bacteria behave very differently when in a biofilm than during planktonic growth. In many ways, we now have to relearn everything we thought we knew about bacterial behavior through the view of the biofilm lens.Similarly, the recent explosion of metagenomic studies has significantly increased our appreciation of the complexity of the microbial populations present in biofilms [6,7]. This is also true for infections, most of which are thought to be biofilm related and inherently polymicrobial, including various species of bacteria, fungi and viruses [8]. It is thought that microbes act in concert to establish biofilms, which in turn can increase tolerance to antimicrobials, exacerbate of the host's immune response and increase persistence at the infection site [7,[9][10][11].Genetic diversity of microbes within biofilm communities is thought to increase the fitness of the residing community, making them more equipped to survive environmental stresses. In large part, this is due to an expanded gene pool, which can be more easily shared within the confines of a biofilm community [12]. Community composition and interactions within the community can have huge influences on bacterial behavior. Thus, just as the behavior of planktonic versus biofilm-associated bacteria is dramatically different, so is that of bacteria in single species versus multispecies systems.Interactions between microbes are complex and highly dependent on context. They can range from fierce competition for nutrients and niches, manifested by antagonistic behavior, to highly evolved cooperative mechanisms between different species that support their mutual grow...

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Section: Oral Microcosmmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Biofilm Models of Polymicrobial Infection

2015

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“…Furthermore, John et al reported [17] that 0.04% stabilized chlorine dioxide, 3% sodium hypochlorite, and 2% chlorhexidine were effective as endodontic irrigants in a polymicrobial biofilm. However, both studies used a bovine tooth model system, not human subjects in the clinical setting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Mouth Rinsing with Stabilized Chlorine Dioxide on Periodontitis

Tsubura¹,

Uchiyama²,

Yamada³

et al. 2015

ORAL

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MATATACOROTM (containing 10 mg/l stabilized chlorine dioxide: MA-T, no alcohol, and is an odorless antibacterial agent) is useful for sterilization and disinfection. The aim of this study was to investigate whether MA-T is an appropriate mouth rinse for patients selected from whom undergoing initial periodontal treatment. The effect of rinsing with MA-T was compared with that with Concool TM (containing 0.05% chlorhexidine gluconate: CX), Neosterine Green TM (containing 0.02% benzethonium chloride: NG), and purified water (PW). MA-T rinsing resulted in a marked change in the BANA-score and in the VAS scale. The mean BANA scores (score ± SD) on day 0 and day 30 were 1.55±0.50 and 0.4±0.50 (p<0.001) for MA-T, 1.65±0.48 and 0.75±0.44 for CX, 1.43±0.50 and 0.88±0.61 for NG, and 1.83±0.38 and 1.48±0.55 for PW, respectively. The intraoral feeling caused by mouth rinsing was self-assessed using the VAS scores (mean ± SD) on day 0 and day 30; they were 48.23±14.70 and 74.43±7.33 (26.2 mm increase) for MA-T, 50.45±11.94 and 62.23±8.88 (11.8 mm increase) for CX, 54.13±8.11 and 63.73±8.18 (9.6 mm increase) for NG, and 54.70±6.06 and 59.18±6.11 (4.5 mm increase) for PW, respectively. These results suggest that MA-T induced marked reduction of periodontopathic oral bacteria and increased feeling of freshness after the treatment period. These results suggest that MA-T is an appropriate mouth rinse for patient with periodontitis.

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“…Coronal portion of the roots were used because of increased density of detinal tubules and the ability of E faecalis to penetrate deep inside the tubules (Stuart et al 2006). Stabilized chlorine dioxide was proved to be less effective than NaOCl against other micro-organisms (Lundstrom et al 2010). Factors such as collagen may be responsible for bacterial invasion (Kayaoglu et al 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The blocks were kept in the orbital shaker for 4hrs to induce exponential phase and were further incubated at 37º C for 96hrs (11). ATCC (American type cell culture) strain of E faecalis (29112) was cultured.…”

Section: Exponential Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of chlorine dioxide on Enterococcus faecalis in exponential, stationary and starvation phases in extracted human teeth - an invitro study

Somayaji

Rao

2014

IJM

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Background: Enterococcus Faecalis (E faecalis) is isolated usually from failed root canal treated teeth. It can bind to dentin and co-aggregate with other organisms. The organism is resistant to the intracanal medicaments and irrigants. It has the ability to produce biofilms and survive within the root canal. They may develop resistance at different phases of bacterial growth cycle. Objective: To study the effect of chlorine dioxide on different phases of E faecalis growth cycle for 1 and 3 min duration. Methodology: E faecalis ATCC strain (29212) was cultured in different growth phases on dentinal blocks of extracted human teeth. After treatment with chlorine dioxide, left out colonies were counted from dentinal shavings. Observation of the remaining biofilm of different phases was made using the scanning electron microscope and comparison between them was done. Results: In all 3 phases, at the end of 1 and 3 min, significantly (p<0.01, p<0.001 respectively) less E faecalis colonies were observed when compared to initial count. When effect of chlorine dioxide on E faecalis colonies was compared between the three phases, at the end of 1 min, significantly (p<0.05) less E faecalis colonies were observed in exponential phase than in starvation phase. However, the E faecalis colony count during stationary phase was significantly (p<0.05) less than the colony counts in both exponential and starvation phases. At the end of 3 min, there was no significant difference in E faecalis colony count between exponential and starvation phases. However, the E faecalis colony count during stationary phase was significantly (p<0.05) less when compared to the colony counts in both exponential and starvation phases. Conclusion: Our study showed that starved cells of E faecalis were more resistant to 13.8% chlorine dioxide irrigant when treated for 1 and 3min. Keywords: E faecalis, Chlorine dioxide, Dentinal blocks, Biofilms.

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Bactericidal Activity of Stabilized Chlorine Dioxide as an Endodontic Irrigant in a Polymicrobial Biofilm Tooth Model System

Cited by 24 publications

References 22 publications

Biofilm Models of Polymicrobial Infection

Biofilm Models of Polymicrobial Infection

The Effect of Mouth Rinsing with Stabilized Chlorine Dioxide on Periodontitis

The effect of chlorine dioxide on Enterococcus faecalis in exponential, stationary and starvation phases in extracted human teeth - an invitro study

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