Bacteriocins Produced by Probiotic Microorganisms

Orhan, Didem Deliorman

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-822909-5.00018-6

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 52 publications

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“…75 Although commensals can be harmful, these bacteria are more often beneficial to humans. For example, lactobacilli act as probiotics to the human gut mucosa through the secretion of substances including AMP bacteriocins, which include lantibiotics that are ubiquitously produced by grampositive lactobacilli (e.g., nisin A, 76 pediocin PO2, lacticin 3147, BH5, JW3, and NK24, 77,78 ) non-lantibiotics produced by gramnegative bacteria (e.g., garvicin Q, microcins, colicins, pyocins, tailocins, 78,79 ) organic acids (e.g., valeric, propionic, acetic, formic, lactic, caproic, and butyric acids, 80,81 ) and hydrogen peroxide. The commensals compete for nutrients and space and use pivotal mechanisms against the pathogens, including membrane permeabilization 82,83 with interference of the proton motive force, 84 essential enzyme and subsequent protein synthesis, gene expression, and upregulation of the host's immune system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Promising applications of D-amino acids in periprosthetic joint infection

et al. 2023

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Due to the rise in our aging population, a disproportionate demand for total joint arthroplasty (TJA) in the elderly is forecast. Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) represents one of the most challenging complications that can occur following TJA, and as the number of primary and revision TJAs continues to rise, an increasing PJI burden is projected. Despite advances in operating room sterility, antiseptic protocols, and surgical techniques, approaches to prevent and treat PJI remain difficult, primarily due to the formation of microbial biofilms. This difficulty motivates researchers to continue searching for an effective antimicrobial strategy. The dextrorotatory-isoforms of amino acids (D-AAs) are essential components of peptidoglycan within the bacterial cell wall, providing strength and structural integrity in a diverse range of species. Among many tasks, D-AAs regulate cell morphology, spore germination, and bacterial survival, evasion, subversion, and adhesion in the host immune system. When administered exogenously, accumulating data have demonstrated that D-AAs play a pivotal role against bacterial adhesion to abiotic surfaces and subsequent biofilm formation; furthermore, D-AAs have substantial efficacy in promoting biofilm disassembly. This presents D-AAs as promising and novel targets for future therapeutic approaches. Despite their emerging antibacterial efficacy, their role in disrupting PJI biofilm formation, the disassembly of established TJA biofilm, and the host bone tissue response remains largely unexplored. This review aims to examine the role of D-AAs in the context of TJAs. Data to date suggest that D-AA bioengineering may serve as a promising future strategy in the prevention and treatment of PJI.

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