Bacteriological analysis of drinking water sources

Abera, Solomon; Zeyinudin, Ahmed; Kebede, Biruktawit; Deribew, Amare; Ali, Solomon; Zemene, Endalew

doi:10.5897/ajmr11.218

Cited by 29 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Results of this study were in agreement with the reported detection of coliforms from 75 % of unprotected well and spring samples from North-Gondar, Ethiopia [ 29 ] and the 90 % detection of the same microbial groups from protected spring samples of Uganda [ 30 ]. Similarly, 87.5 % of the water samples collected from other six protected wells and eighteen unprotected wells of Serbo town [ 31 ] revealed TTC count above the permissible limits for drinking water.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physico-chemical and bacteriological quality of drinking water of different sources, Jimma zone, Southwest Ethiopia

2015

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BackgroundThe quality of drinking water has always been a major health concern, especially in developing countries, where 80 % of the disease cases are attributed to inadequate sanitation and use of polluted water. The inaccessibility of potable water to large segment of a population in the rural communities is the major health concern in most part of developing countries. This study was designed to evaluate the physico-chemical and bacteriological qualities of drinking water of different sources in the study area.MethodsThe study was conducted at Serbo town and selected kebeles around the same town in Kersa district of Jimma Zone, southwest Ethiopia. Socio-demographic characteristics of the study populations were gathered using structured and pre-tested questionnaires. Standard microbiological methods were employed for determination of bacterial load and detection of coliforms. Physico-chemical analyses [including total dissolved substances (TDS), total suspended substances (TSS), biological oxygen demand (BOD), nitrate and phosphate concentrations, turbidity and electrical conductivities] were conducted following guidelines of American Public Health Association and WHO. Correlations among measured parameters of water samples collected from different water sources were computed using SPSS software (version 20).ResultOnly 18.1 % (43/237) of the study population had access to tap water in the study area. More than 50 % of the community relies on open field waste disposal. Members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, Bacillus and Pseudomonas were among dominant bacterial isolates in the water samples. All water samples collected from unprotected water sources were positive for total coliforms and fecal coliforms (FC). Accordingly, FC were detected in 80 % of the total samples with counts ranging between 0.67 and 266.67 CFU/100 ml although 66.67 % of tap water samples were negative for FC. The recorded temperature and pH ranged between 20.1–29.90 °C and 5.64–8.14, respectively. The lowest and highest mean TDS were 116 and 623 mg/l, respectively. Furthermore, the mean concentration of TSS ranged between 2.07 and 403.33 mg/l. Turbidity, electric conductivity, and nitrate concentration of the water samples ranged, respectively, between 0.01–65.4 NTU, 30.6–729 μS/cm, and below detection limit to 95.80 mg/l. In addition, the mean dissolved oxygen values were found to be between 1.62 and 10.71 mg/l; whereas BOD was within the range of 8–77 mg/l. In all water samples, the concentrations of zinc were within the WHO maximum permissible limits (3 mg/l) although the lead concentration in about 66.7 % of the samples exceeded the maximum permissible limit (0.01 mg/l).ConclusionThe present study has revealed that some of the bacteriological data and physico-chemical parameters of the different water sources had values beyond the maximum tolerable limits recommended by WHO. Thus, it calls for appropriate intervention, including awareness development work and improving the existing infrastructure in order to minimize the potential hea...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physico-chemical and bacteriological quality of drinking water of different sources, Jimma zone, Southwest Ethiopia

2015

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“…e variation might be the protected springs are continuously openly flowed and easy to wash. is is also supported by a finding from Farta woreda [14]. e study in Serbo town, southwest Ethiopia, showed that fifty percent had faecal coliforms, of these 35.7% had E. coli [19]. e contamination of these water sources might be due to poor source protections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Bacteriological Contamination of Drinking Water Supply from Protected Water Sources to Point of Use and Water Handling Practices among Beneficiary Households of Boloso Sore Woreda, Wolaita Zone, Ethiopia

Gizachew

Admasie

Wegi

et al. 2020

International Journal of Microbiology

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The quality of drinking water is a powerful environmental determinant of health. Water becomes contaminated with faecal material due to inadequate protection of the source, unhygienic practices of the community at the source, and poor household handling practices. The objective of this study was to assess the level of bacteriological contamination of drinking water supply from protected water sources to point of use and water handling practices among beneficiary households of Boloso Sore woreda, Wolaita zone, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional survey and bacteriological analysis of water were conducted in January 2019. The study included 545 households for water handling practices, and 75 samples from stored water from households and eighteen water sources were included for faecal coliform test. Data were analyzed using SPSS v21.0. Descriptive and logistic regression statistical models were used. Sixty percent of shallow wells, 60% of protected hand-dug wells, and 25% of protected on-spot springs were found positive for faecal coliform. In general, 44% of water source samples and 91% of household water samples were positive for faecal coliform. In general, 38% of households were practicing unsafe water handling practices. High school and above level of education (AOR = 3.37, 95% CI: 1.03, 11.57), getting higher monthly income (AOR = 2.37, 95%CI: 1.96, 5.85), households with small family size (AOR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.15, 2.83), frequency of water collection twice a day (AOR = 2.88, 95% CI:1.56, 5.33), and presence of water payments (AOR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.24, 0.72) were significantly associated with water handling practice. Unsafe water handling was a common practice in the study area, and water sources and household water storage were not free of faecal coliform, indicating noncompliance with the World Health Organization water quality guideline. Hence, capacity building is mandatory for the protection and management of water sources and safe water handling practices in the household and community.

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“…Although more attention is being directed to understand the microbial challenges experienced by Addis Ababa's drinking water, few studies use culture-independent methods. For example, several studies on the quality of drinking water in various regions across Ethiopia and in Addis Ababa used culture-dependent techniques focusing on speci c indicator organisms [13][14][15]. Despite their convenience for routine monitoring, culture-based methods tend to underestimate the diversity and potential presence of both opportunistic and pathogenic microorganisms due to poor cultivability [16] or growth competition by nonpathogenic heterotrophic plate count (HPC) bacteria [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Community Structure and Diversity in Drinking Water Supply, Distribution Systems as Well as Household Point of Use Site in Addis Ababa City, Ethiopia

Atanfu

Desta

Assefa

2021

Preprint

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BackgroundUnderstanding ecology of microbiomes in drinking water distribution systems is the most important notion in delivering safe drinking water. Despite cultivation-based methods routinelyemployed in monitoring drinking water quality, cultivation of specific indicator organisms alone is not always guarantee for assuring safe drinking water delivery. The presence of complex microbiomes in drinking water distribution systems affects treatment effectiveness leading to poor quality water which as a result affects health of human and animals. Drinking water treatment and distribution systems harbor various microbiota despite efforts made in improving water infrastructures and several waterborne diseases become serious problems in the water industry, specially, in developing Countries. Intermittent water supply, long-time of water storage, low water pressure in distribution systems, storage tankers and pipes as well as contaminated source water are among many of the factors responsible for low drinking water quality which in turn affecting health of people. The aim of this study was to explore microbial diversity and structure in water samples collected from source water, treated water, reservoirs, and several household points of use locations (taps). High throughput Illumina sequencing technology was employed by targeting V4 region of 16S rRNA following Illumina protocol to analyze the community structure of bacteria. ResultsThe core dominating taxa were Proteobacteria followed by Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria. Gamma proteobacteria were dominant among other Proteobacterial classes across all sampling points. Opportunistic bacterial genera such as Pseudomonas, Legionella, Klebsiella, Escherichia, Actinobacteria, as well as eukaryotic microbes like Cryptosporidium, Hartmanella, Acanthamoeba, Aspergillus, and Candida were also the abundant taxa found alongthe distribution systems. The shift in microbial community structure from source to point of uselocations were influenced by factors such as residual free chlorine, intermittent water supply andlong-time storage at the household. The shift in microbial community structure from source to point of use locations were influenced by factors such as residual free chlorine, intermittent water supply and long-time storage at the household.ConclusionsThe complex microbiota which was present in different sample sites receiving treated water from the two treatment plants (Legedadi and Gefersa) starting from source water to household point of consumption across the distribution systems in Addis Ababa brings drinking water quality problem which further causes significant health problems to both human and animal health. Treatment ineffectiveness, disinfection inefficiency, poor maintenance actions, leakage of sewage and other domestic wastes are few among many other factors responsible for degraded drinking water quality in this study putting health at high risk which, this, leads to morbidity and mortality. Findings of this research provide important and bassline information to understand the microbial profiles of drinking water along source water and distribution systems.

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Bacteriological analysis of drinking water sources

Cited by 29 publications

References 5 publications

Physico-chemical and bacteriological quality of drinking water of different sources, Jimma zone, Southwest Ethiopia

Physico-chemical and bacteriological quality of drinking water of different sources, Jimma zone, Southwest Ethiopia

Bacteriological Contamination of Drinking Water Supply from Protected Water Sources to Point of Use and Water Handling Practices among Beneficiary Households of Boloso Sore Woreda, Wolaita Zone, Ethiopia

Microbial Community Structure and Diversity in Drinking Water Supply, Distribution Systems as Well as Household Point of Use Site in Addis Ababa City, Ethiopia

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