Bacteriological and serological investigation of persistent Salmonella enteritidis infection in an integrated poultry organisation

Davies, Robert; Nicholas, R. A. J.; McLaren, I.; Corkish, J. D.; Lanning, D. G.; Wray, C.

doi:10.1016/s0378-1135(97)00157-0

Cited by 77 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The results of our study indicated that spray application was less effective than immersion. However, spraying is more easily accomplished in most situations, particularly on a farm, and is more practical than immersion (Davies et al, 1997;Cox et al, 1997). Moreover, most eggs purchased in the shell are required to be washed and sanitized in the United States, but immersion is disallowed during washing or sanitization (Musgrove et al, 2010).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Slightly Acidic Electrolyzed Water for Reduction of Foodborne Pathogens and Natural Microflora on Shell Eggs

Cao

Zheng

et al. 2014

FSTR

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Slightly Acidic Electrolyzed Water for Reduction of Foodborne Pathogens and Natural Microflora on Shell Eggs

Cao

Zheng

et al. 2014

FSTR

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“…Out of the 154 poultry farms screened in the present study, 11 farms were found to be positive for NTS incidence that had overcrowding, poor farm hygiene, lack of adequate biosecurity measures and infestation of rodents and insects. Mice, wild birds, ants and snakes are known to play important role in the transmission of Salmonella among birds, flocks and farms [28][29][30]. Hence, there is an association between the farm hygiene and incidence of NTS in poultry farms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Epidemiology of Nontyphoidal Salmonella in Poultry and Poultry Products in India: Implications for Human Health

et al. 2015

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Human infections with non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) serovars are increasingly becoming a threat to human health globally. While all motile Salmonellae have zoonotic potential, Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium are most commonly associated with human disease, for which poultry are a major source. Despite the increasing number of human NTS infections, the epidemiology of NTS in poultry in India has not been fully understood. Hence, as a first step, we carried out epidemiological analysis to establish the incidence of NTS in poultry to evaluate the risk to human health. A total of 1215 samples (including poultry meat, tissues, egg and environmental samples) were collected from 154 commercial layer farms from southern India and screened for NTS. Following identification by cultural and biochemical methods, Salmonella isolates were further characterized by multiplex PCR, allele-specific PCR, enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) PCR and pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). In the present study, 21/1215 (1.73 %) samples tested positive for NTS. We found 12/392 (3.06 %) of tissue samples, 7/460 (1.52 %) of poultry products, and 2/363 (0.55 %) of environmental samples tested positive for NTS. All the Salmonella isolates were resistant to oxytetracycline, which is routinely used as poultry feed additive. The multiplex PCR results allowed 16/21 isolates to be classified as S. Typhimurium, and five isolates as S. Enteritidis. Of the five S. Enteritidis isolates, four were identified as group D Salmonella by allele-specific PCR. All of the isolates produced different banding patterns in ERIC PCR. Of the thirteen macro restriction profiles (MRPs) obtained by PFGE, MRP 6 was predominant which included 6 (21 %) isolates. In conclusion, the findings of the study revealed higher incidence of contamination of NTS Salmonella in poultry tissue and animal protein sources used for poultry. The results of the study warrants further investigation on different type of animal feed sources, food market chains, processing plants, live bird markets etc., to evaluate the risk factors, transmission and effective control measures of human Salmonella infection from poultry products.

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“…It would be interesting to also include in future studies the performance of the different ventilation systems, the temperature in the houses, as these factors have been recognised to greatly influence the poultry sector performance (Woolford, 2007). Measures against rodents, flies and manure disposing are key points in controlling the infection and avoiding persistence (Anonymous, 2006;Breytenbach, 2004;Davies et al, 1997;Henken et al, 1992;MacKenzie and Bains, 1976) but these are not currently available in the Belgian database. It is therefore necessary, in future, to collect information on these measures in order to enrich the Belgian database for studying potential risk factors contributing to Salmonella infection.…”

Section: Joint Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of risk factors for the prevalence and persistence of Salmonella in Belgian broiler chicken flocks

Namata

Welby

Aerts

et al. 2009

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

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According to the European Food Safety Authority, salmonellosis is still one of the main causes of infectious foodborne gastroenteritis in humans. Broilers are an important source of salmonellosis after eggs and pork. Between 1987 and 1999 the trend of human salmonellosis incidence in Belgium increased constantly. However, from 2000 until 2005 a decrease in human cases was observed, probably following the sanitary measures implemented in the poultry breeder and laying sector. In order to decrease human infections it is essential to tackle the problem at the farm level to minimize cross contamination from farm to fork. This paper seeks to answer two questions (i) given the Salmonella status of the farm at a certain occasion (equal to the sampling time of the flock), what are the risk factors that the farm will be Salmonella positive at a following occasion? And (ii) what are the risk factors for a farm to be persistently positive for two consecutive flocks? We used surveillance data on 6,824 broiler flocks studied for Salmonella infectivity from 2005 to 2006 in Belgium. The farms were tested regularly (three weeks before slaughter of each broiler flock) for the presence of Salmonella based on multiple faecal samples per flock on a farm yielding clustered data. Generalized estimating equations, alternating logistic regression models, and randomintercept logistic regression models were employed to analyze these correlated binary data. Our results indicated that there are many factors that influence Salmonella risk in broiler flocks, and that they interact. Accounting for interactions between risk factors leads to an improved determination of those risk factors that increase infection with Salmonella. For the conditional analysis, the risk factors found to increase the risk of Salmonella infection on a farm at a current occasion given the previous Salmonella status included: Salmonella infection of day-old chicks (of the current flock); a previously infected flock even though the farm was equipped with a hygiene place to change clothes prior to entering the broiler house; having temporary workmen when there was a separation between birds of different species; and separating birds of different species in the Walloon region relative to the Flanders region. Sanitary measures such as a cleaning and disinfecting procedure conducted by an external cleaning firm, applying the all-in all-out procedure, and hand washing decreased the risk despite their interaction with other factors. From the joint analysis, the most important factors identified for increased risk for persistent Salmonella on a farm involved the interaction between having temporary workmen when there were poultry or farmers in contact with foreign poultry or persons, and the interaction between having temporary workmen when there were poultry or farmers in contact with external poultry or persons.

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Bacteriological and serological investigation of persistent Salmonella enteritidis infection in an integrated poultry organisation

Cited by 77 publications

References 33 publications

Efficacy of Slightly Acidic Electrolyzed Water for Reduction of Foodborne Pathogens and Natural Microflora on Shell Eggs

Efficacy of Slightly Acidic Electrolyzed Water for Reduction of Foodborne Pathogens and Natural Microflora on Shell Eggs

Molecular Epidemiology of Nontyphoidal Salmonella in Poultry and Poultry Products in India: Implications for Human Health

Identification of risk factors for the prevalence and persistence of Salmonella in Belgian broiler chicken flocks

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