Bacteriological Evaluation of Bottled Water Commercially Available in Eastern Nepal

Abstract

The demand for bottled water is high in these days and it has been a growing concern about the microbiological quality of such processed water. The objective of this study was to assess the heterotrophic contamination and total coliform. This cross-sectional study was carried out in randomly selected 24 different commercial brands of bottled water available in the commercial market of the eastern region of Nepal. Total coliform and heterotrophic bacteria were enumerated by the membrane filtration and spread plate technique, respectively. Among 24 water sample processed, 62.5% (n=15) samples showed the heterotrophic bacterial count above the acceptable range (<50 CFU/0.1ml) and 75% (n=18) samples showed the total coliform count crossed the WHO guidelines (0 CFU/ml) and not acceptable for drinking. E. Coli was detected in 54.2% of water samples and Enterobacters aerogenes(45.8%), Enterococcus fecalis(20.8%), Pseudomonas sps (20.8%), Bacillus species (16.6%) and Staphylococcus aereus (4.2%) were also detected from different samples. Only 25% of bottled water was acceptable for drinking purpose. The presence of heterotrophs and the coliform in the bottled water is a serious concern for public health. Concerned authority should prioritize this issue and continuously monitor the quality of available bottled water manufacturers in the eastern region to provide safe drinking water to the population.Sunsari Technical College Journal 2015, 2(1):54-57

Study of Compliance of Sealed Bottled Water with Nepal Drinking Water Quality Standard: A Case of Bhaktapur Municipality, Nepal

“…Unlike our study, as reported in the previous studies done in Nepal, only 10% to 80% of the bottled water samples were free from microbial (Timilshina, et al, 2012;Rai, et al, 2015;Pant, et al, 2016;Maharjan, et al, 2018). In studies done in India, the acceptability of bottled water samples based on the bacteriological parameter ranged from 55% (Gangil, et al, 2013) , 60% (Jeena, et al, 2006;Jain, et al, 2012), 62.5% (Joseph, et al, 2018), 66.7% (Venkatesan, et al, 2014), 73.33% (Bency, et al, 2010), 83% (Sharma & Kaur, 2015) to even 100% (Singla, et al, 2014).…”

Physical, chemical and microbiological analysis of bottled water in Pokhara, Nepal

“…The studies carried out in different parts of Nepal also depicted a similar type of picture as was found in this study. [20][21][22] Even though safe and clean drinking water has been categorized as basic human rights by the United Nation. The availability of safe drinking water, not least in developing countries, is still a distant reality.…”

An analysis of drinking water quality parameters to achieve sustainable development goals in rural and urban areas of Besisahar, Lamjung, Nepal

“…In a study performed by Sudarshana et al (2019), 84.5% of the samples from the Kathmandu municipality exceeded both NDWQS and WHO standards for total coliforms. A study by Rai et al (2015) reported that most of the bottled drinking water in eastern Nepal exceeded the WHO guidelines for E. coli and total coliforms. Koju et al (2014) found that groundwater samples from Kathmandu, Nepal, had higher levels of total coliforms than the WHO standard.…”