Bacteriological evaluation of vaccination against Salmonella Typhimurium with an attenuated vaccine in subclinically infected pig herds

Peeters, Linda; Dewulf, Jeroen; Boyen, Filip; Brossé, C.; Vandersmissen, Tamara; Rasschaert, Geertrui; Heyndrickx, Marc; Cargnel, Mickaël; Mattheus, Wesley; Pasmans, Frank; Haesebrouck, Freddy; Maes, Dominiek

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2019.04.016

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Because we took sock and dust samples, we cannot say whether this is spilt vaccine or if this was coming from orally vaccinated animals. This result corresponds with results found by Peeters et al 2019 [28]. In our opinion this does not constitute a public health risk, because the vaccine strain is considered a level 1 biological by the central committee for biological safety in Germany (Zentrale Kommission für biologische Sicherheit (ZKBS)), and therefore safe for humans and animals, also due to its stable double attenuation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Maternally derived immunity does not interfere with the effect of the vaccination of piglets, on the contrary, Rösler et al showed that vaccinated piglets from vaccinated sows had significantly lower infection levels after challenge than vaccinated piglets from unvaccinated sows [25]. The effectiveness of Salmoporc® is well documented [26][27][28][29] for the reduction of colonisation and shedding of Salmonella Typhimurium, sometimes even in the unvaccinated progeny of vaccinated sows [30,31]. However, to our knowledge, no studies exist that followed a vaccinated herd to the point where Salmonella Typhimurium could no longer be isolated from faecal and dust samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Salmonella Typhimurium environmental reduction in a farrow-to-finish pig herd using a live attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium vaccine

Wolf¹,

Meijerink²,

Libbrecht³

et al. 2021

Porc Health Manag

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Background Salmonella Typhimurium is an important zoonotic pathogen in pigs, that can cause clinical disease. Many sow herds and finishing herds are infected with Salmonella, and therefore pose a threat for the contamination of pork and pork products and ultimately consumers. Case presentation This case study describes a farrow-to-finish pig herd, producing its own replacement gilts, which had experienced clinical outbreaks of salmonellosis since 2002. Outbreaks were characterised by profuse diarrhoea, dead pigs and high antimicrobial use (colistin sulphate). The aim of this study was to see whether using vaccination of sows and piglets with Salmoporc®, a live attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium vaccine, in combination with standard hygienic precautions, it was possible to reduce Salmonella Typhimurium to below the bacteriological detection limit. Monitoring of the presence of Salmonella was done using a total of 20 pooled faecal, sock and dust samples per herd visit in the period from September 2016 to October 2020. Within the first 10 months after the start of vaccination in August 2016, there was a rapid reduction in clinical symptoms, antimicrobial usage and the number of Salmonella-positive samples. During the winters of 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 the number of positive samples increased again, however with minimal need to use antimicrobials to treat the affected animals. In July 2019, only two samples from a corridor were positive. In September and November 2019 and in October 2020 all three samplings were completely negative for S. Typhimurium. Conclusions This case, together with other longitudinal studies, can be seen as a proof of the principle that long term vaccination with a live attenuated S. Typhimurium vaccine can reduce the level of S. Typhimurium in the herd environment to very low levels within a farrow-to-finish herd initially suffering from clinical salmonellosis. Also, clinical symptoms indicating salmonellosis were no longer observed and antimicrobials to treat clinically diseased pigs were no longer needed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salmonella Typhimurium environmental reduction in a farrow-to-finish pig herd using a live attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium vaccine

Wolf¹,

Meijerink²,

Libbrecht³

et al. 2021

Porc Health Manag

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium causes enteritis (inflammation of the small intestine) and watery diarrhea in pigs [ 5 , 8 ]. Even though studies have evaluated vaccination to control salmonellosis in pigs, protection is variable due to poor cross-protection across serovars [ 9 , 10 ], and antimicrobials are still used metaphylactically.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental infectious challenge in pigs leads to elevated fecal calprotectin levels following colitis, but not enteritis

et al. 2021

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Background Fecal calprotectin is largely applied as a non-invasive intestinal inflammation biomarker in human medicine. Previous studies in pigs investigated the levels of fecal calprotectin in healthy animals only. Thus, there is a knowledge gap regarding its application during infectious diarrhea. This study investigated the usefulness of fecal calprotectin as a biomarker of intestinal inflammation in Brachyspira hyodysenteriae and Salmonella Typhimurium infected pigs. Results Fecal samples from pigs with colitis (n = 18) were collected from animals experimentally inoculated with B. hyodysenteriae (n = 8) or from sham-inoculated controls (n = 3). Fecal samples from pigs with enteritis (n = 14) were collected from animals inoculated with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (n = 8) or from sham-inoculated controls (n = 4). For both groups, fecal samples were scored as: 0 = normal; 1 = soft, wet cement; 2 = watery feces; 3 = mucoid diarrhea; and 4 = bloody diarrhea. Fecal calprotectin levels were assayed using a sandwich ELISA, a turbidimetric immunoassay and a point-of-care dipstick test. Fecal calprotectin levels were greater in colitis samples scoring 4 versus ≤ 4 using ELISA, and in feces scoring 3 and 4 versus ≤ 1 using immunoturbidimetry (P < 0.05). No differences were found in calprotectin concentration among fecal scores for enteritis samples, regardless of the assay used. All samples were found below detection limits using the dipstick method. Conclusions Fecal calprotectin levels are increased following the development of colitis, but do not significantly change due to enteritis. While practical, the use of commercially available human kits present sensitivity limitations. Further studies are needed to validate the field application of calprotectin as a marker of intestinal inflammation.

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“…In addition to hygiene measures and feed intervention strategies, vaccination is considered an effective tool in controlling Salmonella in affected pig farms (6). The live attenuated histidine-adenine auxotrophic vaccine Salmoporc (Ceva SanteÁ nimale, Libourne, France, formerly IDT Biologika GmbH) is commercially available in Europe, and has already been proven to reduce clinical signs, shedding and tissue colonization in pigs in several studies (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccination and Infection of Swine With Salmonella Typhimurium Induces a Systemic and Local Multifunctional CD4+ T-Cell Response

et al. 2021

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The gram-negative facultative intracellular bacteria Salmonella Typhimurium (STM) often leads to subclinical infections in pigs, but can also cause severe enterocolitis in this species. Due to its high zoonotic potential, the pathogen is likewise dangerous for humans. Vaccination with a live attenuated STM strain (Salmoporc) is regarded as an effective method to control STM infections in affected pig herds. However, information on the cellular immune response of swine against STM is still scarce. In this study, we investigated the T-cell immune response in pigs that were vaccinated twice with Salmoporc followed by a challenge infection with a virulent STM strain. Blood- and organ-derived lymphocytes (spleen, tonsils, jejunal and ileocolic lymph nodes, jejunum, ileum) were stimulated in vitro with heat-inactivated STM. Subsequently, CD4+ T cells present in these cell preparations were analyzed for the production of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-17A by flow cytometry and Boolean gating. Highest frequencies of STM-specific cytokine-producing CD4+ T cells were found in lamina propria lymphocytes of jejunum and ileum. Significant differences of the relative abundance of cytokine-producing phenotypes between control group and vaccinated + infected animals were detected in most organs, but dominated in gut and lymph node-residing CD4+ T cells. IL-17A producing CD4+ T cells dominated in gut and gut-draining lymph nodes, whereas IFN-γ/TNF-α co-producing CD4+ T cells were present in all locations. Additionally, the majority of cytokine-producing CD4+ T cells had a CD8α+CD27- phenotype, indicative of a late effector or effector memory stage of differentiation. In summary, we show that Salmonella-specific multifunctional CD4+ T cells exist in vaccinated and infected pigs, dominate in the gut and most likely contribute to protective immunity against STM in the pig.

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Bacteriological evaluation of vaccination against Salmonella Typhimurium with an attenuated vaccine in subclinically infected pig herds

Cited by 14 publications

References 40 publications

Salmonella Typhimurium environmental reduction in a farrow-to-finish pig herd using a live attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium vaccine

Salmonella Typhimurium environmental reduction in a farrow-to-finish pig herd using a live attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium vaccine

Experimental infectious challenge in pigs leads to elevated fecal calprotectin levels following colitis, but not enteritis

Vaccination and Infection of Swine With Salmonella Typhimurium Induces a Systemic and Local Multifunctional CD4+ T-Cell Response

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